【摘要】 目的了解复烤厂在生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素及其对工人健康的影响。方法对云南省某复烤厂进行职业卫生现场调查、采样检测及分析,并对作业工人进行职业健康检查。结果粉尘、噪声是该厂主要的职业危害因素,生产性粉尘作业岗位粉尘超标率为37.2%,烟草总尘浓度在0.2～28.8 mg/m3之间,粉尘作业危害岗位占40.3%;噪声作业岗位噪声超标率为33.7%,噪声强度在62.5～96.7 dB(A)之间,噪声作业危害岗位占34.3%,噪声作业工人听力异常率为19.5%,打叶工序、复烤工序、出尘房岗位噪声强度较高,听力损害发生率高,听力损害发生率随着工龄增加而增高,各工龄组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。接触烟草粉尘浓度高的作业工人肺部病变增多。结论生产性粉尘和生产性噪声为该厂的主要职业病危害因素,并已对职工健康造成一定的损害;应改善作业环境,完善防护措施,加强职业卫生监督管理。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]To understand the occupational hazards in a tobacco re-drying factory and its effect on health of workers.[Methods]A combination of methods,involving field investigation,sampling and analyzing of contaminations,and medical examinatino on tobacco workers,was made.[Results] Dusts and noises were found to be major workplace hazards.In terms of dust exposure,37.2 % of dusty operation spots exceeded the dust exposure limit.The total dust concentrations of tobacco ranged from 0.2-28.8 mg/m3,with 40.3 % of procedures related to dust hazards.As for noise hazards,33.7 % of noise operation spots exceeded the permissible exposure limit.Noise intensities varied from 62.5-96.7 dB(A),with 34.3 % of the posts identified for overexposure to noise.19.5% of the occupationally exposed workers suffered from hearing loss.Workers were more vulnerable to hearing loss among departments with high noise levels such as the threshing department,the re-drying department,and holding rooms.Positive correlation was also found between the length of service and the development of noise-induced hearing loss,with significant difference.Lung pathological change was positively related with high exposure of tobacco dust.[Conclusion]Industrial dusts and noises are main occupational hazards in this tobacco re-drying factory,causing adverse health effects to its employees.Therefore it is recommended for the factory to improve its occupational hygiene by enhancing its operating conditions and taking appropriate control measures.更多还原