【摘要】 【目的】研究东北冷凉区免耕对土壤性状、作物产量的影响及其水土保持作用。【方法】利用平地和坡地9年长期定位田间试验,设置免耕和旋耕处理,系统监测土壤性状和作物产量。【结果】与传统旋耕相比,免耕下耕层土壤含水量提高3—5个百分点,110 cm土层储水量增加;10 cm处土壤温度降低2.1℃;0—15 cm土层有机质含量增加11%;土壤动物多样性增加;地表径流和土壤流失量分别减少90%和98%以上;玉米减产20%以上,大豆却增产10%左右;免耕在坡地上的效果好于平地。【结论】免耕对退化黑土恢复和水土保持作用显著,但冷凉区作物对免耕反应不同:大豆增产,玉米减产。因此,免耕适宜于大豆和坡耕地。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 The effects of no-tillage(NT) on soil properties,crop yields,and soil and water conservations were studied in the north cool area of Northeast China.【Method】 Two long-term filed experiments were established to compare the performance of two systems NT and conventional rotary tillage(CRT) in a flat field and a slope land,respectively.Soil properties and crop yield were measured and soil runoff was monitored continuously.【Result】 Compared to CRT,soil water content under NT in the plowed layer was increased by 3 to 5 percentage points,which led to increasing soil water storage in the 110 cm layer.At the depth of 10 cm,soil temperature under NT was 2.1℃ lower than that under CRT.In the 0-15 cm soil layer,soil organic matter content under NT was 11% higher than that under CRT,which resulted in the increase of the diversity of soil animal community.With the adoption of NT,soil surface runoff and soil loss were decreased by 90% and 98%,respectively.Finally,compared to the CRT system,corn yield under NT was decreased by more than 20%,while soybean yield under NT was increased by approximately 10%.In addition,these benefits of NT were more significant in the slope land than those in the flat field.【Conclusion】 NT displayed a significant role in soil and water conservation in the degraded land.On the other hand,NT decreased corn yield but increased soybean yield.It was concluded that NT is a useful practice for soybean and sloping farmland in the north cool region of Northeast China.更多还原