Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the Multi-dimensional Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy( MHHIS) on improving compliance with hand hygiene practice. Methods A quasi before-after study was conducted in two ICUs( General ICU and Emergency ICU) in a large tertiary class-A teaching hospital through twenty-four weeks. The multi-dimensional intervention included administrative support,educating staff,monitoring HH compliance,providing performance feedback,and promoting an institutional safety climate ac...