【摘要】 运用运动生物力学、运动训练学以及流体力学研究方法,分析研究国内、外优秀男子中长距离自由泳运动员的技术和战术特征,研究结果表明,中长距离自由泳项目是一项对技术与体能要求很高的项目,它的技、战术特征主要表现为周期性的技术动作,是运动员在单位时间内通过一定距离所表现出技术和战术各个组成因素的最佳组合,强调技术动作的合理性、实效性、经济性以及技术动作运用的节奏性;相对稳定的游程节奏以及良好的后程冲刺能力是优秀男子中长距离自由泳运动员的技、战术特点;破水速度感是运动员快速进入最佳比赛状态的重要能力之一,只有具备良好的"破水速度感",才能游出符合自身实力和特点的游程节奏;运动平衡能力是运动员在水中控制身体平衡稳定性以及身体协调用力的能力,它与运动员的技术和能力紧密关联;中长距离自由泳的技、战术训练是围绕着技术和体能两个主线设计的,运动员是一个整体的组合,最大限度地保持合理、经济、实效的技术结构是中长距离自由泳科学训练的核心问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research uses methods of sports biomechanics,sports training and fluid mechanics in analyzing the characteristics of techniques and tactics of excellent men swimmers at home and abroad in middle-to-long distance freestyle swimming.The results show that swimmers need more adept techniques and excellent physical performance in middle-to-long distance freestyle swimming.The characteristics of techniques and tactics for middle-to-long distance freestyle swimming focus on the periodic technique movement.It means that these items emphasize the rationality,effects,efficiency and rhythmicity of movement of a swimmer in competition.Being an excellent middle-to-long distance men’s freestyle swimmer needs to have a stable rhythm and good dash ability in competition.Besides,sense of speed in breaking water,and sport balance ability are important as well for swimmers to keep rhythm and technical level.Therefore,the techniques and tactics training ought to be arranged around the techniques and physical performance of swimmers.更多还原