【摘要】 采用在不同积温区布置田间试验的方法,比较研究了黑龙江省5个水稻主栽品种产量和品质随积温的变化.结果表明:水稻产量随积温呈二次曲线变化,其相关程度因水稻品种而异;水稻穗数、穗粒数与积温呈极显著二次曲线关系,而千粒重与积温之间相关关系不显著;水稻籽实空瘪率从适宜积温区到低积温区显著增加,而从适宜积温区到高积温区变化不明显;水稻垩白率、整精米率与积温均呈极显著二次曲线关系,即垩白率和整精米率在适宜积温区分别有最小值和最大值存在;稻米蛋白质、直链淀粉含量和食味随积温变化不明显.根据对温度敏感程度的不同,可将水稻品种划分为温敏型、中间型、温钝型3类,其适宜栽培积温带宽度和允许栽培积温带宽度分别为300℃和420℃、360℃和440℃、380℃和520℃.根据积温因地制宜地选种水稻品种对于提高水稻产量、改善稻米品质十分重要.更多还原

【Abstract】 Field experiments were installed in different accumulated temperature zones in Heilongjiang Province to study the changes of the grain yield and quality of five major rice varieties with accumulated temperature.The rice yield changed with accumulated temperature in quadratic curve, and the correlation degree differed with the varieties.The panicle number and the grain number per panicle changed significantly in quadratic curve with accumulated temperature,while the 1000- grain mass had less correlation with accumulated temperature.The sterile spikelet rate of grain increased obviously from suitable accumulated temperature zone to low accumulated temperature zone, but had no obvious change from suitable accumulated temperature zone to high accumulated temperature zone.The rates of chalky and head milled rice also changed with accumulated temperature in quadratic curve,i.e.,there were both the lowest and the highest values in suitable accumulated temperature zone.The protein and amy lose contents of the grain as well as the taste varied little with accumulated temperature.According to the sensitivity to temperature,the test rice varieties were divided into sensitive,medium,and blunt types,with the optimal and allowable cultivation accumulated temperature limits being 300℃and 420℃,360℃and 440℃,and 380℃and 520℃,respectively. It would be very important to select the rice varieties with higher yield and better quality according to the local conditions,especially the accumulated temperature.更多还原