【摘要】 目的分析疫情的流行病学特征,探讨发病危险因素,提出预防控制风疹疫情的措施。方法 2013年4月对病例进行个案调查,采用描述性流行病学方法对病例进行分析;对罹患率最高的两个班级学生进行问卷调查,采用回顾性队列研究方法进行危险因素分析。结果本次暴发罹患率为2.10%,临床症状以皮疹为主,平均年龄16岁,男女罹患率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),发病班级之间罹患率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);初三(4)班和初三(2)班未及时隔离,罹患率为68.75%和4/5,回顾性队列研究表明:接触风疹病人是危险因素(RR=3.24,95%CI=1.28～8.18);学生不良的洗手习惯与发病有关。结论本次疫情为风疹暴发,接触风疹病人和不良洗手习惯是疫情的危险因素。提示加强学生良好卫生习惯的培养,是预防疫情暴发的重要措施,同时建议校方及时发现和隔离病例。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics,risk factors,so as to put forward rubella epidemic prevention and control measures. Methods In April,2013,the case investigation was made on cases,with the use of descriptive epidemiological method for analysis;The two highest classes were involved in morbidity student questionnaires,retrospective cohort study for risk factor analysis. Results The outbreak attack rate was 2.10%,with the clinical symptoms of rash and the average age of 16years,no significant difference in prevalence between men and women(P>0.05),there was significant disease prevalence difference was between classes(P <0.01);junior(4)class and(2)class were not timely isolated,the attack rate was up to 68.75%and 4/5,retrospective cohort study showed that exposure to rubella patients were risk factors(RR =3.24,95%CI=1.28-8.18);students’ poor hand washing habits and pathogenesis(P <0.01). Conclusion The epidemic of rubella outbreaks,rubella exposure and poor hand washing habits are risk factors for disease.Therefore,to strengthen the cultivation of students’ good health habits is an important measure to prevent outbreaks,and it is recommended that the school should timely detect and isolate rubella cases.更多还原