【摘要】 本研究的目的在于应用Rasch模型编制和分析数学入学准备测验,从而分析Rasch模型的有效性和优势。自编数学入学准备测试,对150名平均年龄为6 6岁的儿童进行测查,应用Rasch模型对题目和评分等级做出修正并分析结果。结果表明修正后的测试具有较好的信效度,较好地拟合了Rasch模型,评分等级设置合理,测试的整体难度相对较低。儿童的Rasch分数和性别无关,但受到年龄、家庭社会经济地位的影响。相对于经典测量理论而言,应用Rasch模型进行入学准备测试的编制和分析具有优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important task of early childhood education,getting every child prepared for school is increasingly emphasized by the government,stake -holders and parents in recent years.In this background,researchers paid more attention to children’s school-readiness. In this line of studies,it is essential to accurately assess childrens school-readiness status.Using classic testing theory(CTT), children’s scores of each item are added together to get a total raw score for each individual.The reliability,validity and discrimination of the test are then analyzed based on these raw scores.This method meets challenges in school-readiness testing.First,the difficulty of the test and the ability of children are dependent on each other so that one cannot gain objective and independent estimates of children s abilities and difficulty of the test as well.Second,school-readiness tests tend to have complex errors due to young childrens low developmental level and their lack of examination skills.However,it is hard to analyze errors using classic testing theory.Third,classic testing theory takes raw score as equal interval variable while it is merely ordinal variable in essence.The Rasch model,on the other hand,can well solve these problems.The study aims to use the Rasch model in developing and analyzing a math school-readiness to investigate its effectiveness and superiority in school-readiness testing.The study developed a test containing 13 items and used it to test 150 children(mean age = 6.6 years old,89 males).Using Rasch Model,the study analyzed the results and examined the reliability of the test and model fitness of each item.The study also investigated the items and their categories,and subsequently modified the original test.The final version has an individual separation reliability of.70.All except one item have acceptable model fit indices,i.e., mean square of both infit and outfit between.7 to 1.3,and t statistics between -2 to 2.Most items’difficulty levels are less than 1,indicating that the test is relatively easy for participants.The Rasch score for each participant was then calculated and was found to be significantly correlated with participants’age(r =.16,p <.05) and socio-economic status(r=.47,p <.01).The superiorities of using the Rasch model in testing school-readiness status are also discussed.In general,the Rasch model provides more effective methods that facilitate item diagnosing and also helps generate more reliable scores for subsequent analyses than the classical test theory.更多还原