【摘要】 天下军马、内外诸军皆隶三衙,终结了中唐五代中央禁军与方镇"诸道州兵"并列的二元体制,是宋代收兵权于中央最为重要的举措。然其实现,却有着"直辖"和"遥隶"两种不同的模式。将地方兵马之精锐抽调京师归三衙直接指挥,是谓"直辖";授予地方兵马以三衙禁军的番号,但并不抽调至京师,而是以"就粮禁军"等名义,就地升为禁军,仍由当地经略司、都总管司等地方兵马司统领和指挥,是谓"遥隶"。从宋真宗朝中后期开始,尤其是宋仁宗朝以后,主要是适应宋辽、宋夏与宋金战争的需要,遥隶模式愈来愈占据主导地位。南宋除各路禁军之外,广东摧锋军、福建左翼军、江西右翼军、淮东武锋军、湖南飞虎军等地方军马,亦遥隶于三衙。如此制度设计,在加强边境地区防御实力的同时,又避免了唐代地方割据的重演,堪称中国古代通过顶层"制度设计"收到"制度实现"较佳成效的典范。更多还原

【Abstract】 When the military forces in imperial China all fell under the jurisdiction of"Sanya"(the three government offices controlling the military forces),this ended the dual system of the central imperial guards parallel with the local armed forces which was in place since the middle Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties Period.This was the most important measure for the Song Court to recover and centralize military power.It was realized through two different patterns of being"administered directly"and"affiliated distantly."The"administered directly"aspect was realized by transferring the elite troops of local armed forces to the capital to serve under the direct command of"Sanya."The"affiliated distantly"aspect was realized by conferring to local military forces the designation of imperial guards,and putting them under the command of local military stations.Since the middle and late reign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty,and especially after the reign of Emperor Renzong,the pattern of being affiliated distantly became more and more dominant mainly to adapt to the need of war with Liao,Xia and Jin.Besides the imperial guards,the local military armed forces such as the Cuifeng Army of Guangdong,the Left Wing Army of Fujian,the Right Wing Army of Jiangxi,the Wufeng Army of Huaidong and the Flying Tiger of Hunan were all affiliated distantly with"Sanya."Such a system design enhanced the defense in border areas,and at the same time prevented the repeat of separatist regimes such as in the Tang Dynasty.This is an example of a successful"system actualization"through"system design"of the imperial court.更多还原