【摘要】 20世纪50年代中后期起,美国对外援助陷入两难境地:一方面,迫于与苏联争夺第三世界的压力,需要大量增加对发展中国家的经济援助;另一方面,美国国内经济下滑,国际收支平衡危机频仍,面对国内尤其是国会的反对,无法获得太多的援助拨款。针对这一状况,肯尼迪政府调整其对外援助政策:一方面将援助类型从以军事援助为主转变为以经济援助为主,确立了经济援助,特别是发展援助的主体地位;另一方面提出援助负担分担政策,要求西欧及日本等盟国分担援助负担。这些调整使得美国对外援助政策开始走向制度化,并为以后美国政府以及国际援助体系的对外援助政策确立了基本框架和行动指南。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the late 1950’s,there was a dilemma in the area of U.S.foreign aid.In order to compete with the Soviet Union for the Third World,there was an urgent need to substantially increase development assistance to the developing countries.But domestic economic downturn and the balance of international payments crisis,made it hard for the Professor to get more assistance appropriation from Congress.The Kennedy administration had to adjust its foreign aid policy: on the one hand,the type of assistance of mainly military aid was changed into economic assistance;on the other hand,the burden-sharing policy was presented to ask its allies to share the aid burden.Adjustment of these two policies made U.S.foreign aid policy began to be institutionalized.更多还原