【摘要】 美国继页岩气开发取得巨大成就后,在不放弃页岩气的同时,又将开发重点转向页岩油。推动美国页岩油开发的根本原因,是页岩气的快速发展推动天然气价格大幅下降,拉大了油气价差,促使美国液体成分丰富的页岩矿区将开发重点从天然气转向液体成分,从而使美国本土48个州的原油产量从2008年开始增加。此外,部分页岩矿区的页岩油储量丰富也是原因之一。目前美国页岩油开发的主要矿区是Bakken页岩层和Eagle Ford页岩层,其中Bakken页岩油产量在2010年达到近40×104bbl/d,计划2015年增至80×104bbl/d;虽然现在Eagle Ford的页岩油产量低于Bakken,但从长远来看,其发展前景更好。不同机构均预测,由于页岩油的开发,美国原油产量会大幅增长,将成为全球第二大甚至最大的产油国。美国页岩油开发将改变世界石油地缘政治格局,使世界能源供应的中心转移至美洲。同时,页岩油气开发已拉动美国炼油业和石化业复苏,给其国内经济恢复带来了动力。中国亦拥有丰富的页岩油气资源,且水平井和压裂两大技术系列已整体上居于国际先进水平。但我国在页岩油气开发方面还存在一些问题,特别是在油气勘探开发区块管理上存在重大缺陷,必须继续进行改革,认真实施内外开放政策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Having made a great success in shale gas development,the United States has now set its sight on shale oil.Due to rapid growth in shale gas production,natural gas prices have dropped considerably,in turn increasing the gap between oil and gas prices.This has prompted the shale mining areas rich in liquids in deposits in the United States to shift their focus from developing natural gas to producing liquids,resulting in a rise in crude oil production from 48 states of the Continental US starting in 2008.This is the biggest ra tionale behind the United States′ drive to develop shale oil.The rich shale oil reserves in some shale mining areas are also one of the reasons.The Bakken shale formation and the Eagle Ford formation are the two ma jor shale oil production areas of the United States.Shale oil production from the Bakken formation reached nearly 40 ×104bbl/d in 2010 and is expected to double by 2015.Although the Eagle Ford formation currently produces less shale oil than the Bakken formation,in the long term,the former has a brighter outlook for further development.All forecasting agencies believe that shale oil development will lead to a significant rise in US crude production,making the country the world′s second largest or even the largest oil producer.Shale oil development in the United States will change the geopolitical landscape of the world ′s oil supply and result in a movement of the world′s energy supply center to the Americas.Shale oil and gas development has helped lift the US refining and petrochemical industries from their low ebb and given a boost to the US economy on the recovery track.China also has a big deposit of shale oil and gas and is now already on the forefront of horizontal well and fracturing technology.However,China is still faced with some challenges in developing shale oil and gas,particularly in the management of oil and gas exploration and production blocks.The domestic oil and gas industry must continue to press ahead with its reform and strictly enforce the rele vant open-door industry policies.更多还原