【摘要】 超临界流体萃取法能在较低温度下实现重质油混合物的分离,且对分离热不稳定的难挥发物质特别有效,可避免高温蒸馏对样品的破坏作用。鉴于此,研制了SFEF型超临界流体萃取分馏装置,它由主机柜、控制柜和计算机系统三部分组成,主机柜用于安装分馏装置的机械设备,控制柜用于安装整个装置的供电电源和传感器信号调整电路板,与计算机系统组成分馏装置的控制系统。由于超临界流体的溶解能力受温度和压力的影响较大,其控制方式选用了动态模糊PID算法。试验表明,此算法控制精确、稳定。该装置在中国石油大学(北京)重质油加工国家重点实验室对渣油、润滑油、催化油浆、石蜡、聚合物等进行了分离试验,结果表明,分离得到的各种窄馏分分离范围精确,进一步研究覆盖范围广,为重质油分析提供了详实的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The mixture of heavy oil can be separated under the lower temperature by the method of supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation, and the method is very effective for the difficult volatile thermal instable mixture, which can avoid destroying sample for pyrogenic distillation. Therefore, supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation units about SFEF have been developed. It is made up of a main cabinet, a controlling cabinet, and a set of computer. The main cabinet is used to fix mechanical units. The controlling cabinet is used to fix the power and sensor signal adjustment circuit board and it makes up control system with computer system. Control method of the unit adopts dynamic fuzzy PID algorithm because of large fluency of supercritical fluid by pressure and temperature. Test proves that PID can control accurate and stable. A separation test of residuum, lube, catalytic oil slurry, paraffin wax, polymer has been made in state key laboratory of heavy oil processing, China university of petroleum(Beijing). The result shows that scope of kinds of separated close-cut fraction is precise, and the range of further research is wide, which provides detailed basis for the analysis of heavy oil.更多还原