【摘要】 [目的]对中重度老年痴呆病人的跌倒和噎食风险进行评定并探讨高风险病人的特征,为临床护士实施相应的安全防范措施提供依据。[方法]采用方便抽样方法选取北京市某精神病院中重度老年痴呆住院病人51例,使用噎食和跌倒风险评估表、Barthel指数评定量表进行评估。[结果]51例病人中,具有跌倒和噎食风险的病人分别占52.9%和90.2%;既往未发生过跌倒或噎食的病人亦具有跌倒或噎食的高风险;跌倒风险与噎食风险不具有一致性(χ2=1.17,P=0.28);年龄越大,痴呆病人发生跌倒(t=-2.30,P=0.03)和噎食(t=2.37,P=0.02)的风险就越高;自理能力低的病人跌倒风险高(t=-2.30,P=0.03)。[结论]中重度痴呆病人具有较高的跌倒风险与噎食风险;两种风险评估需要独自评定,不能相互取代;既往没有跌倒史或噎食史的中重度痴呆病人也需要重点预防跌倒或噎食的发生;高龄病人和自理能力差者为需要重点关注的人群。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To evaluate the risks of falls and choking in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s patients and probe into the characteristics of them,so as to provide evidences for clinical nurses implementing appropriate safety precautions.Methods:A total of 51cases of moderate to severe Alzheimer’s patients in a Beijing psychiatric hospital were selected by using convenience sampling method,and they were evaluated by using the choking and fall risk assessment scale and Barthel Index rating scales.Results:In 51dementia patients,there were 52.9% and 90.2%of patients with high risks of falls and choking respectively;patients without falls and choking history still had high risks of falls or choking;there was no correlation between falls risks and choking risks(χ2=1.17,P=0.28);the older the patients were,the higher the choking and fall risks of Alzheimer’s patients were(t=2.37,P=0.02) The level of self-care was only correlated with the risk of falls(t=-2.30,P =0.03).Conclusion:Moderate to severe Alzheimer’s patients have higher risk of falls and choking risk;two kinds of risk assessment requires assessment alone,can not be replaced in each other;No previous history,falls or choking history,moderate to severe Alzheimer’s patients also need to focus on preventing the occurrence of falls or choking;elderly patients and those who are poor were focused groups.更多还原