【摘要】 结核分枝杆菌为结核病的病原体。最近几年,由于基因突变导致多耐药及广泛耐药结核菌株的出现,以及抗结核病药近几十年来没有换代,使之前基本得到控制的结核病死灰复燃,成为世界上病死率最高的传染病。为了遏制其进一步的恶化,必须从根本上透彻了解其耐药分子机制。近年来,各国学者采用先进分子生物学技术对结核杆菌耐药机制进行深入研究,定位了结核分枝杆菌耐药基因的位置和基因突变位点,比如耐异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇、链霉素、吡嗪酰胺、喹诺酮类、外排泵等菌株新的基因突变位点引起新的功能改变有新的发现,特别是gidB基因、外排泵基因等有突破性的发现,对研制新一代抗结核病药提供了理论支持及新的方向,但仍有很多耐药机制未阐明,为后续研究者提供些许查考,故笔者就近几年来从分子水平对耐药机制的研究进展做一概述。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis.The tuberculosis,basically under control in previous but due to mutations lead to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains and anti-TB drugs no updating in recent decades,that is the highest fatality rate of infectious diseases in the world in recent years,In order to curb further deterioration,we must fundamentally understand the mechanism of drug molecules.In recent years,scholars from various countries using advanced molecular biology techniques to conduct in-depth studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance mechanisms,positioning the location of the resistance genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and gene mutation.The new discovery,Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to isoniazid,rifampicin,ethylamine butanol,streptomycin,pyrazinamide,fluoroquinolones,and with efflux pumps,that new gene mutation caused the change of new features,particular is gidB of genes and efflux pump genes with a breakthrough found.All of these,provides theoretical support and new direction for the development of a new generation of anti-TB drugs,but there is still a lot of resistance mechanisms unstated.Therefore,the resistance mechanisms of progress from the molecular level are discussed in this paper to provide reference for future researchers.更多还原