【摘要】 2010—2011年,开展了田间水分胁迫和分期播种双因子组合试验,以揭示土壤水分和气温对东北地区春玉米(Zeamays)出苗速度的影响,建立基于土壤水分和气温的玉米出苗期评估指标和模式。结果表明:玉米出苗速度与土壤水分和气温的关系密切,在土壤水分较充足和气温偏高条件下,玉米出苗快,干旱和低温均推迟出苗期;播种出苗期间0～20cm厚度的土壤湿度为(S)21%～25%、土壤有效水量为(H)50～70mm、平均气温为(T)18～20℃玉米出苗快,播种后10d左右出苗;0～20cm厚度的土壤湿度为18%～21%、土壤有效水量为30～50mm、平均气温为16.5～18℃,出苗速度下降,播种后18d左右出苗;0～20cm厚度的土壤湿度<18%、土壤有效水量<30mm、平均气温<16.5℃出苗缓慢,播种后25d左右出苗,甚至不出苗;玉米播种至出苗间隔日数(D)与S/H和T的关系方程为D=78.017-1.746S-1.642T或D=60.776-0.288H-1.937T。这些上指标和模式可评估和预测出苗期,指导抗旱生产活动和气象服务。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 2010-2011,a two-factor experiment of water stress and sowing date for spring maize ( Zea mays) was conducted to reveal the effects of soil moisture and air temperature on the spring maize emergence speed in Northeast China,and to establish the corresponding models for assessing and predicting the maize emergence period. The maize emergence speed had close relationships with the soil moisture and air temperature. The maize emerged faster under the conditions of more sufficient soil moisture and higher air temperature,while delayed under dry weather and low temperature. Under the conditions of the average soil moisture (S) in 0-20 cm layer be- ing 21% -25% ,soil available water capacity ( H) being 50 -70 mm,and average air tempera- ture ( T) being 18-20 ℃ ,the maize emerged about 10 d after sowing; at the S was 18%-21% , H was 30-50 mm,and T was 16. 5-18 ℃ ,the emergence was prolonged to about 18 d; while at the S was <18% ,H was <30 mm,and T was temperature 16. 5 ℃ ,the emergence was prolonged to 25 d,and even,no seedling appeared. The relationships between the interval days from seeding to emergence ( D) and the S,H,and T were D = 78. 017-1. 746S-1. 642T or D = 60. 776-0. 288H-1. 937T. These indicators and models could be applied in the assessment and prediction of the maize emergence period,and in the guidance of drought-resisting activities and weather services.更多还原