【摘要】 为揭示分布于乌鲁木齐南山山区小渠子和西白杨沟天山马鹿的冬季食性,2010年11月、12月,2011年1月、3月、11月、12月,2012年1月、2月、3月,根据马鹿活动踪迹在研究区选择了马鹿集中分布区,直接观察记录马鹿摄食植物的种类及摄食部位、并采集新鲜粪便。共采集了26科50种植物和229堆新鲜马鹿粪便,利用粪便显微组织分析和直接观察结合对马鹿冬季食性进行了研究。结果表明,马鹿冬季共取食19科35种植物,主要以埋在雪下的枯草、苔藓植物和雪岭云杉的当年生枝条为食。粪便分析结果表明,雪岭云杉占食物的28.0%,禾本类植物、莎草科植物和苔藓植物分别为14.4%、9.7%和10.5%。通过直接观察发现,马鹿冬季取食雪岭云杉、禾本类植物和莎草科植物的频率很高,而对西伯利亚羽衣草、旋花和薄荷等资源丰富的植物取食频率并不是很高。两种方法结果结合说明,马鹿冬季选择采食多种植物,其中雪岭云杉是冬季主要食物,禾本类植物、莎草科植物和苔藓植物是马鹿冬季的次要食物来源。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aim of this study was to determine the feeding habits in winter of the Tianshan red deer( Cervus elaphus songaricus) in Xibaiyanggou and Xiaoquzi of Nanshan mountains of Urumqi,China. Based on the presence red deer footprints within the area where this sub-species is found,plant samples belonged to 50 species in 26 families and 229 fresh fecal samples were collected from November 2010 to March 2011 and November 2011 to March 2012. A combination of direct observation and microscopic analysis of feces was used to determine the winter diet of the red deer. The results showed that the diet composition of the red deer included 35 plant species in 19 families. They mainly fed on withered grasses,bryophytes under the thick snow,and the current year’s branches of Picea schrenkiana in winter. Fecal analysis indicated that Picea schrenkiana,Gramineae,Cyperaceae and Bryophyta were the most frequently eaten plants, accounted for 28.0%,14.4%,9.7% and 10.5%,respectively. The results of direct observation showed that the frequencies of Picea schrenkiana,Gramineae and Cyperaceae in the diet of red deer were very high in winter. However,despite the abundance of Alchemilla sibirica,Convolvulus and Mentha haplocaly in that season,feeding frequency on these species is not very high. Overall,in this area the Tianshan red deer ate various plants,but Picea schrenkiana was the major food and Gramineae and Cyperaceae and Bryophyta were the secondary food sources in winter.更多还原