【摘要】 以小麦、玉米、棉花、花生等主要农作物为研究对象,选取河南省12个气象站点1971—2010年的气象资料,采用联合国粮农组织(FAO)推荐的PenmanMonteith公式计算参考作物生育期内需水量,分析其生育期需水量变化规律.结果表明:河南省多个地区需水量的年内分布,都在6月达到全年的最高值,在11或12月降至全年的最低值;需水量最大的是棉花,其次是小麦、花生和玉米;近40年,棉花、小麦、花生和玉米的需水量都表现为减少趋势.通过分析各气象因子与需水量的相关性发现:平均风速与作物需水量显著正相关,由于平均风速大幅下降,从而在很大程度上抵消了因其他气象因子变化引起的需水量增加趋势,造成主要作物生育期需水量的减少.更多还原

【Abstract】 To gain insight into climate change effects on main crop( wheat,corn,cotton,and peanut) water re- quirement of Henan province,crop water requirement were calculated according to the FAO Penman-Monteith equa- tion. The climatic data of 12 meteorological stations from 1971 to 2010 were used to analyze the relationship between climate change and crop water requirement. The results showed that the crop water requirement was highest in June, and lowest in November or December. As for water requirement difference between the 4 crops,cotton demanded more water than wheat,which is followed by peanut,and the corn demanded least water in the 4 main crops. Crop water requirement had a tendency of decreasing from 1971 to 2001. The mean wind speed had a significantly posi- tive influence on crop water requirement. The mean wind speed significantly decreased in the past 40 years,and re- sulted in the reduction of the water requirement of main crops.更多还原