【摘要】 中国人民解放军成都军区彝民团从建团到全部使命的完成,走过了一条34年可歌可泣的发展道路,为凉山人民彻底翻身解放和推动凉山经济发展,谱写了无可替代且永不磨灭的历史篇章。然而,由于种种原因,这段军民传奇历史却一直只存留于民间记忆,或散载于州内内部资料而未曾专门公开发表或出版,而鲜为公众所知晓。本文主要在参考梁文英、毛均茹、李仕安和中国科学院等所著文本资料基础上,首次论述彝民团的建立过程及其为推动凉山彝族地区民族工作发展做出巨大贡献。在彝民团发展的岁月里,它经历了扩编和最终撤销的历程,所留下的宝贵经验,为我们探索今后军队与民族工作关系模式提供了重要依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The formation and growth of Yi Civil Corps of the CPLA( Chinese People’ s Liberation Army) Chengdu military region began and developed with the establishment of the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. From the beginning to the end of its 34 year mission of military development the Yi Civil Corps made an irreplaceable contribution to the liberation of the people and the economic development in Liangshan. However,due to various reasons,this unique historical episode which linked the military and civil people only remains in folk memory and was recorded only in some unpublished internal materials. So,the majority of the public does not know about it. Based upon references taken from publications by Liang Wenying,Mao Junru,Li Shian and the Chinese Academy of Sciences,this article,for the first time,discusses the special military history of the CPLA by taking Yi Civil Corps as an example. After the CPLA liberated Liangshan in March,1950,in order to maintain local social order,speed up production and construction,and cultivate ethnic cadres, Liao Zhigao, the Party secretary of Sichuan province of the time,together with the Party Committee in Tibetan and Yi regions,established the Yi and Tibetan Civil Corps of the CPLA in November 1952. They did this by taking into account the reality and characteristics of ethnic works in the Tibetan and Yi regions,and after reporting to the central military commission for approval. The establishment of Yi Civil Corps adds a new historical page for the glorious history of the Yi people. Just like the establishment of all levels of governments of the Yi people,it marks a new beginning in the lives of the Yi people. It declared第 四 卷 a revival for the Yi people who had experienced great vicissitudes,the separation of their family clans,constant internal warfare, and who were generally in a poor and backward situation. The establishment of the Yi Civil Corps not only embodied the Chinese Communist Party’ s policy of ethnic equality and unity,but also was a concrete manifestation of the Yi people ’ s becoming the masters in the local region. In the aspect of political life,the Yi Civil Corps was established from the start as a" production team,fighting force and school for cultivating cadres". It can be said that cultivating ethnic cadres was one of main purposes for the establishment of the ethnic armed forces. After the establishment of Yi civil corps in 1952,a large number of demobilized Yi cadres had been sent to the local places. These cadres came from the lower class of the Yi people or even from the slave class. However,they had received education, mostly about Marxism- Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, when they were in the army. Hence,they were willing to become the strong supporters and practitioners of the communist party’ s "ethnic work". Seen from the statistical data,by 1959,the Yi Civil Corps had constantly sent 657 ethnic cadres to local places. These cadres knew the local language,and were familiar with the ethnic customs. In addition,they knew the Chinese Communist Party’ s ethnic policies very well,and could communicate effectively with Han people. Therefore, they made an irreplaceable contribution to the promotion of the Party’ s "ethnic work". It can be said that they were the first group of people who were trained both for the army and civil work in local places in the Liangshan Yi area during the early years of New China. The teaching,assisting and leading of the experienced Han cadres was another advantage for the growth of Yi cadres. The Yi Civil Corps was mainly composed of Han,Yi,Tibetan,Hui and Miao people. Among the eight successive leaders of the Yi civil corps,only one was from the Han nationality. All of the cadres and soldiers of the Yi Civil Corps came from 20 provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions of the whole country. Nineteen cadres who once worked in Yi Civil Corps later became members of the leadership in various administrative levels of the military. With regard to cultural communication,the Yi Civil Corps,as a group which included both Han and Yi people,played a fundamental role in promoting cultural exchanges between the Han and Yi people. It was considered part of normal life that the Yi and Han commanders learned from each other. It was not only the Han people who learned the language and the customs of the Yi,but more importantly,the Yi commanders learned Chinese and Han culture,and spread it to various Yi areas. This played a key role in grass- roots cultural communication between the Yi and Han people. The Yi Civil Corps was equipped with special cultural teachers who taught the Yi soldiers how to speak and write Chinese,as well as to learn the new Yi script. The Yi officers and soldiers were so passionate about learning cultural knowledge that some of them silently recited what they had learned in classes while walking about. Many officers and soldiers who were on night duty,would study their lessons for a while after they returned from their guard duty. There was also a class specially opened for cadres to learn culture knowledge so as to improve their cultural level. Many learners took off the cap of illiteracy,and some of them even could read the Soldier News independently. This not only played a positive role in eradicating superstitions,and transforming bad custums and habits, but also, more importantly, cultivated a largenumber of grass- root cadres who could use both the pen and gun. With regard to economic development,since 1959,the Yi Civil Corps began to "transform from countering insurgency to production". The troops cleared a large amount of farmland,and through grain production,growing vegetables and raising livestock they not only could feed themselves,but could also support local construction. The most important thing is that the Yi commanders had contacted and learned relatively advanced production technology during the production campaign,and they spread the technology to the Yi masses. This, in turn,made a great contribution to the economic development of the Liangshan area. With regard to the maintenance of social order,the Yi Civil Corps had the advantage of knowing the local language and customs,being familiar with the geographical situation and having close contact with the local people. So,they could co- operate with other forces to quell any armed rebellion immediately,thereby maintaining the social order of Yi area,and promoted democratic reform smoothly. The Yi Civil Corps made use of the the fact that there were a great number of Yi soldiers who knew local customs and conditions of the Yi people. Using the approach of visiting and consoling the poor,they spread the policies and regulations of the Party and the government,as well as the glorious tradition and the fine style of work of the CPLA under the leadership of the CPC to the Yi people. By using these strategies more Yi people knew more about the CPC and the CPLA. The Yi Civil Corps used their own behavior to forge a close relationship between the army and the people. This then attracted more Yi youth to join the army and become members of the local military organizations. During the fights to quell the rebellions and defend the democratic reforms, the armed force,of which the Yi Civil Corps was its main body,had become an indispensable important pillar in stabilizing the social order of Liangshan,defending the achievements of democratic reforms,maintaining the socialist system,and promoting the development of Liangshan society. As an important part of the CPLA,there is no doubt that the military forces of the ethnic minorities played an important role in implementing"ethnic work". Taking the Yi Civil Corps as an example,it played an important and fundamental role in opening the "ethnic work"in Yi region,and promoting ethnic trust and mutual communication. Firstly,in the early period of "ethnic work " in ethnic areas,the army had to pay special attention to its role in cultivating ethnic cadres. Secondly, the specific armed forces of ethnic minorities could play a huge role in the early stages of "ethnic work". However,its importance would gradually be reduced with the development of "ethnic work". Thirdly,the development and growth of the future military should not only depend on the ethnic minority commanders ’ learning Han culture,but should also depend on the Han commanders’ strengthening their understanding of the ethnic minority regions. As an ethnic minority military force established in the early years of the New China,the Yi Civil Corps was not an isolated phenomenon; it co- existed with the Tibetan Civil Corps in Tibet and the ethnic force in Xinjiang. As representatives of the ethnic forces in the early years of New China, they made great contributions to subdue the remaining bandits,and quell the rebellions. In the later times,they played a large role in promoting ethnic communication,enhancing ethnic emotions,and maintaining national unity. Therefore,it can be said that the ethnic minority military forces made a great contribution to our country’ s ethnic work.更多还原