【摘要】 语用预设的两个基本特点是共知性与合适性,它还有另一个重要特点,即单向性。单向性语用预设的形成原因是说话者提高语言交际效率的需要,说话者对听者背景知识的判断具有不确定性;说话者的句子可以有不同理解,说话者带有某种隐含意图等。预设的单向性通常不会带来会话的困难,这是因为合作原则在预设行为及话语理解过程中起着约束作用。尽管如此,交际者出于某种意图,在语言交际中表现出"不合作"现象也是常见的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pragmatic Presupposition is frequently characterized by two features: common acceptance and appropriateness,but it has another critical feature unidirectionality. On account of the definition of pragmatic presupposition and its triggeration,the article analyzes the four reasons including the need for improving the speaker’s communicative efficiency,the uncertainty of speaker’s judgments about the background knowledge of the listeners,the different understandings of the speaker’s sentences,and the implied intentions produced by the speaker. The unidirectionality usually does not cause any difficulty in communication in that the Cooperative Principle( CP) plays an important role in governing speaker’s presuppositional behavior and listener’s understanding. However,noncooperation is still in common during verbal communication due to the interlocutor’s certain communicative purpose.更多还原