【摘要】 目的:对苯丙胺类兴奋剂所致精神病性障碍与偏执型精神分裂症的临床特征进行对照研究,以便于二者的鉴别诊断。方法:将38例苯丙胺类兴奋剂所致精神病性障碍患者作为研究组,以同期入院的38例首发偏执型精神分裂症患者作为对照组;采用回顾性调查,自制调查表,对社会人口学资料、主要精神症状、治疗效果等进行统计分析。结果:研究组已婚率、文化程度及有正当职业均低于对照组(χ2=9.810,χ2=18.321,χ2=6.592;P<0.01或P<0.001)。研究组视幻觉、兴奋激越、恐惧不安出现率多于对照组(χ2=9.051,χ2=15.306,χ2=15.745;P<0.01或P<0.001),对照组思维散漫、嫉妒妄想、自知力缺乏多于研究组(χ2=4.094,χ2=5.050,χ2=18.689;P<0.05或P<0.001)。研究组出现精神症状至就诊时间的中位数仅16 d,而对照组长达5个月。研究组治疗显效率97.14%,对照组显效率65.79%(χ2=11.555,P<0.001)。结论:苯丙胺类兴奋剂所致精神病性障碍多急性起病、病程短暂、疗效较好;且部分社会人口学资料和精神症状与偏执型精神分裂症有明显不同。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: A comparative study was conducted on clinical features between amphetamine-type stimulants induced psychotic disorder and paranoid schizophrenia to differentiate their diagnosis.Method: The comparison includes 38 patients of amphetamine-type stimulants induced psychotic disorder as the study group and the hospitalized 38 patients with first-episode schizophrenia patients as control group.The data analysis was based on retrospective investigation,questionnaire,statistical analysis of demographic data,the main symptom,and therapeutic effect.Results: The research group has lower marriage rate,educational level and egitimale career rate than those of the control group( χ2= 9.810,χ2= 18.321,χ2= 6.592; P < 0.01 or P < 0.001).The research group has more symptoms of visual hallucinations,excited agitation and fear than those of the control group( χ2= 9.051,χ2= 15.306,χ2= 15.745; P < 0.01 or P < 0.001); but the control group has more symptoms of looseness of thought,jealousy,lack of insight( χ2= 4.094,χ2= 5.050,χ2= 18.689; P < 0.05 or P < 0.001).The average time from psychiatric symptoms to treatment is 16 days for the study group, while for the control group it takes up to 5 months.The significant efficiency rate for the research group is 97.14% as compared to the control group of 65.79%( χ2= 11.555,P < 0.001).Conclusion: Amphetamine-type stimu-lants induced psychotic disorder has features of acute onset,short illness phase and fairly effectiveness for treat-ment,and different some demographic features and psychiatric symptoms from paranoid schizophrenia.更多还原