【摘要】 基于原油和船用燃料油含有较丰富的正构烷烃、多环芳烃以及微量的金属Ni和V等特点,通过考察长期风化后的油品特征指标(正构烷烃、多环芳烃、Ni/V)的变化,建立了鉴别油种属性的多维化学指纹。实验结果显示:短期风化后原油正构烷烃的优势烃分布范围(C15～C30)比船用燃料油(C19～C28)要广,其相对含量明显高于船用燃料油。但是,长期风化后原油的优势烃分布(C17～C27)与短期风化的船用燃料油的分布(C19～C28)非常相近,仅靠GC分析手段无法识别两者;原油的荧光特征峰位于332～334 nm,其I332～334nm/I384nm介于1.4～2.2之间且受风化影响较小。而船用燃料油的荧光特征峰位于384 nm,其I332～334nm/I384nm介于0.7～1.3之间且受风化影响较大;Ni/V具有较强的抗风化性,原油的Ni/V远高于船用燃料油。以正构烷烃、荧光特征、Ni/V构成的多维化学指纹的实例应用表明,它能够克服现有方法只测某一指标作为油指纹鉴定依据的单一性和局限性,提高了对海上长期风化溢油鉴别的准确性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the characteristics of crude oil and marine fuel contain an abundance of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,and trace metals nickel and vanadium,the change of oil characteristic parameters(n-alkanes distribution,fluorescence,ratio of nickel to vanadium) after a long-term weathering were investigated,a multidimensional chemical fingerprinting was established for identification of oil types.The experimental results show that these parameters of two oils had significant differences.In a shortterm weathering,the distribution range of advantage hydrocarbon of n-alkanes in crude oil(C 15 ～ C 30) was wider than marine fuel(C 19 ～ C 28),and its relative content was also higher.However,the distribution of advantage hydrocarbon of n-alkanes in crude oil(C 17 ～ C 27) after a long-term weathering was very similar to marine fuel(C 19 ～ C 28) after a short-term weathering,it was difficult to be distinguished only by Gas Chromatography;The fluorescence peak with crude oil characteristic located in 332 ～ 334 nm,its I 332 ～ 334 nm / I 384 nm was ranged from 1.4 to 2.2 and less affected by a long-term weathering.The fluorescence peak with marine fuel characteristic located in 384 nm,its I 332 ～ 334 nm / I 384 nm was ranged from 0.7 to 1.3 and greater impacted by a long-term weathering;The ratio of nickel to vanadium had a strong resistance to weathering,Ni / V of crude oil was much larger than marine fuel.The identification of practical samples show that a multidimensional chemical fingerprinting are composed of n-alkanes,fluorescence characteristics and ratio of nickel to vanadium can hurdle the singleness and the limitation of current oil fingerprinting,and improve the accuracy of identification of marine oil spill after a long-term weathering.更多还原