【摘要】 拦河筑坝中断了河流的纵向连通性,阻碍了鱼类的顺利洄游,因而对鱼类的繁殖和河流生态平衡造成较大影响。鱼道可以帮助鱼类越过堰坝等洄游障碍物,而一个适宜的鱼道进口是保证鱼类顺利进入鱼道的关键。通过模型实验,以齐口裂腹鱼为实验对象,利用鱼类的趋流性,设计了十二种不同的工况,观察在不同工况下的过鱼效果。通过对实验现象的分析,发现进口处的流速为0.4 m/s时,对目标鱼类的吸引力最大,而当进口的流速分别为0.3 m/s和0.5m/s时,前者对鱼类的吸引力不足,后者目标鱼类的洄游成功率几乎为零。并比较了主河道小流速和大流速情况下鱼类洄游路径的差异,分析出趋流性在进口设计重要性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dam cuts off the river flow and interrupts the smooth migration of fishes,which produces great impact on fish reproduction and river ecological balance.Fishway can help the fish to get cross the migration barriers,such as the coffer dam.In addition,a well-designed fishway entrance is the key factor to ensure the smooth migration of fishes.Through the model experiment on schizothorax prenanti,the fish attracting effects under 12 designed conditions are observed based on the rheotaxis of the fish.The experiment results shows that an inlet flow velocity of 0.4m/s has the greatest attracting effect,while an inlet flow velocity of 0.3m/s has insufficient attracting effect and an inlet flow velocity of 0.5m/s has almost no attracting effect.Besides,a study is made on the fish migration routes differences in low and high flow velocities,which indicates the importance of fish’s rheotaxis in fishway entrance design.更多还原