【摘要】 在对太湖和淮河流域的农民进行随机入户调查的基础上,分析和比较了两地农户的施肥行为特征及其影响因素。研究发现两地农户在氮肥施用上呈现出普遍的盲目性。但同时,两地农户在施肥行为、施肥决策依据、水污染控制意识等方面仍有显著不同。太湖流域被访农户的氮肥施用量平均值为278kg/hm2,远高于淮河流域的139kg/hm2。尽管太湖流域的农户总体上对水污染问题更为关注,但是他们在作物氮肥吸收率、化肥施用对水环境影响等方面的认识程度要低于淮河流域。根据两地农民不同的施肥行为特征和环境意识水平,需因地制宜,设计各有侧重的化肥施用项目,来有效引导农户的施肥行为和控制农业面源污染。建议在淮河流域可以侧重于施肥培训与指导,而在太湖流域侧重于实施一些带有强制义务性的化肥减施项目。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fertilizing behaviors of farmers in two important basins of China,Tai Lake Basin and Huai River Basin,was analyzed and compared base on household surveys results.This study found that farmers in the two basins presented common blindness in nitrogen fertilization.However,they were significant different in fertilizing behaviors, fertilizing decision-making process,and water pollution control consciousness.The average nitrogen application in Tai Lake Basin was 278kg/hm2,much more than that in Huai River Basin(139kg/hm2).Although the famers in Tai Lake Basin paid more attention on water pollution,their knowledge on nitrogen absorption rate and effect of fertilizer application on water environment was relative shallow.Programs tailored to local farmers’ characteristics of fertilizing behaviors and environmental consciousness level should be developed for effective agricultural pollution control.Huai River Basin could put emphasis on fertilizing training program,while the Tai Lake Basin should pay more attention on obligatory fertilizer reduction programs.更多还原