【摘要】 微量元素对人体健康起着至关重要的作用。而各种食品中微量元素的含量将是人体摄入和吸收的主要来源。本工作采用仪器中子活化分析技术研究了北京市场中人们经常食用的10种鱼肉(草鱼、鲤鱼、鲫鱼、武昌鱼、罗非鱼、鲈鱼、带鱼、黄鱼、三文鱼、鳕鱼)中的As、Br、Ca、K、La、Co、Cs、Eu、Fe、Hg、Rb、Na、Se和Zn元素。结果表明,不同种类鱼肉中的元素含量不同,海水鱼毒性元素含量高于淡水鱼。与国家标准相比较,As在鲈鱼和海水鱼中均超标,而Hg只有在鳕鱼中超标。从人们对鱼的日膳食量的初步估算,毒性元素的摄入量不会超标,也不会对人们的健康产生影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Background:As the improvement of the living standard,the safety of food becomes more and more concerned currently.The fish is healthy food with more protein but less fat.Purpose:We bought ten species of fish from the market,which are often eaten by Chinese,and analyzed the trace elements of them by instrumental neutron activation analysis(INAA).So some detecting methods should be applied to give some suggestions for human.Methods:First of all,we choose six species of fresh water fish,including grass carp,weever,Wuchang Fish,tilapia,crucian,carp,and four species of frozen sea fish,including hairtail,yellow croaker,salmon,ling.All of them were collected from a supermarket in Beijing.Secondly,we remove the squama by Teflon coated scissor,wash the fish with de-ionized water and use ashless filter paper to absorb the water on the fish.Then we cut the squama-less part with titanium knife for about 10 g,put them into plastic bags separately and sealed,balance the net weight,use a tablet machine to press them into slice and freeze at 18 oC for 12 h.And then we put them into a vacuum desiccator to pump for 72 h,balance dry fish,calculate the ratio of moisture and triturate the sample into about 40 meshes in agate.Finally,we prepare three sub-samples about 300 mg with each packed by plastic bag for analysis.We put the samples,NIST-1632a and chemical standard material together,irradiate in micro neutron source reactor(MNSR) for16 h,measure the radioactivity by Ge detector after cooling 5 d or 10 d,and calculate the contents of 16 elements by the k0-NAA and the relative method.Results:The contents of trace elements are different between fresh water fish and sea fish.The contents of As,Hg,Br,Na,Se in sea fish are apparently higher than fresh water fish,but the contents of Rb and Zn are contrary.Considering most fresh water fishes are feed,Zn was probably added in fodder.The content of As in weever is 2.4 g·g 1,the others are 0.3 g·g 1in average.We don’t know why it’s so high.Maybe it comes from the fodder.The contents of Br and Na in ling are very high.Maybe they came from sea water for frozen fish.The content of Ca in Wuchang Fish and cap is very high,because of the fine fish bone in meat.Other elements,such as Co,Cs,Fe,K,aren’t much different from the various of fish species.Conclusions:According to the national food hygiene standard GB2762-2012(maximum levels of contaminants in foods),the level of fish is Hg(Methyl)<0.5 mg·kg 1,As(Inorganic)<0.1 mg·kg 1,Se<1.0 mg·kg 1.Apparently,the contents of As in all the fishes are higher in the level except crucian.The content of As in ling is 40 times of the level.The contents of Hg,Se in ling and Se in weever are higher in the level.We must care about the nocuous elements of fodder if these fishes are feed artificially.更多还原