【摘要】 了解青藏高原(下称高原)云和水汽的时空变化,尤其是三维空间分布和变化,对于进一步认识高原复杂的气候系统以及对高原下游乃至全球气候诊断和模拟均具有重要意义。借助美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)发展的局地分析和预报系统(LAPS),通过将日本国际协力机构(JICA)高原大气科学试验获取的地面、探空和全球定位系统(GPS)水汽综合观测数据以及中国FY-2C静止气象卫星数据进行融合分析,构建了高原地区高分辨率的三维云场和水汽场,为高原云、水汽及高原气候的研究提供了数据基础。通过分析JICA综合观测数据和卫星数据在三维云场和水汽场构建中所起的作用,得到高原综合观测数据对构造大气底部客观云量场起主要作用,卫星资料为大气高层云量分布的信息获取做主要贡献。通过将融合获得的云量空间分布与卫星云图实况进行对比,证明了在高原三维云量场构建中,高原综合地面观测数据和卫星资料均非常重要。另外,将JICA高原观测GPS总水汽数据融合进入LAPS水汽分析模块,并将融合GPS总水汽数据前后获得的三维水汽场进行了对比,表明高原综合观测GPS总水汽数据对构建高原三维水汽场产生了修正作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Clouds and humidity can contribute to heating or cooling in the Earth’s radiation budget and their vertical distributions play key roles in determining diabetic heating profiles of the atmosphere.The knowledge of clouds and humidity over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is key component in the hydrological cycles.They are helpful for evaluating the roles of clouds and humidity in climate changing and can improve the cloud and precipitation simulation in climate models downstream.The information from JICA Tibetan comprehensive observation and FY-2Csatellite infrared and visible images are incorporated into LAPS(Local Analysis and Prediction System)to construct three-dimensional cloud and humidity data.According to data inserted into LAPS,four schemes have been designed to analyze the role of each data in cloud analysis.Four schemes are:(1)Scheme 1:Only NCEP relative humidity data is inserted into cloud analysis of LAPS to derive three-dimensional cloud amount;(2)Scheme 2:Inserts Tibetan observation data on the basis of scheme 1;(3)Scheme 3:Inserts satellite data on the basis of scheme 1;(4)Scheme 4:Inserts both observation data and satellite data on the basis of scheme 1.Analysis of horizontal and vertical distribution of three-dimensional cloud amount indicates that JICA Tibetan observation data gives some information of cloud base and cloud amount for the lower atmosphere.Satellite infrared brightness temperature and visible reflectance provide information of cloud top height and cloud amount in the upper atmosphere.Inserting both observation data and satellite data can obtain more accurate cloud amount.Threedimensional specific humidity data is produced through inserting GPS total precipitable water data which from JICA Tibetan comprehensive observation into LAPS model.Specific humidity distributions after and before inserting GPS total precipitable water are compared and indicates that GPS total precipitable water can correct the humidity in the lower part of atmosphere over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.更多还原