【摘要】 目的探讨变态反应性皮肤病常见过敏原分布特点,及其与年龄、性别、季节、环境及不同过敏性疾病之间的关系。方法采用德国MORA-saper生物共振过敏诊断治疗仪对许昌市中心医院皮肤科门诊2010年11月至2012年2月就诊的皮炎、湿疹、荨麻疹等变态反应性疾病患者进行变应原检测。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件对病例建立数据库并进行处理分析,采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2076例过敏性疾病患者中发现阳性率前十位的过敏原组是:螨和昆虫、甜味剂、霉菌、蔬菜类、调料和草药、肉类、海鲜类、豆制品、花粉,食品添加剂,前十位的过敏原是:粉尘螨、屋尘粉、异麦芽酮糖、红辣椒、鸡蛋、大豆制品、胡椒、羊肉、根霉菌属、韭葱。结论①不同年龄组常见过敏原阳性率,胡椒和红辣椒中老年组高于青少年组,而粉尘螨、屋尘螨、异麦芽酮糖青少年组高于中老年组。②不同性别间常见过敏原阳性率,粉尘螨、异麦芽酮糖、胡椒女性高于男性,屋尘螨、红辣椒、根霉菌属男性高于女性,鸡蛋、大豆制品、羊肉和韭葱等男女差异无统计学意义。③不同季节常见过敏原差异有统计学意义,但传统致敏物质螨(粉尘螨和屋尘螨)和昆虫、霉菌、花粉、肉类、海鲜类、豆类制品仍是主要过敏原,其中虫媒、花粉类季节性较明显,人们饮食习惯的季节性变化,对食源性过敏原有相关性;但各种甜味剂、蔬菜、食品添加剂、三餐调料、化妆品、动物皮毛等致敏物季节性变化不明显。④不同疾病如皮炎湿疹,荨麻疹变应原阳性率比较差异有统计学意义,其中粉尘螨、鸡蛋、大豆制品、胡椒、羊肉和韭葱在荨麻疹患者中高于皮炎湿疹,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。⑤不同地区、环境、前十位过敏原比较差异有统计学意义,主要表现排序不同,这与当地生活习惯、地理环境、气候特点、工业化程度有一定的关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the common allergen distribution characteristics of allergic skin disease,as well as with age,gender,season,environment and the relationship between different allergic diseases.Methods Using the German MORA-Saper biological resonance allergy diagnosis and treatment instrument for allergen test of outpatients with dermatitis,eczema,urticaria,allergic disease in Xuchang central hospital from Nov.2010 to Feb.2012.Using statistical software SPSS17.0,we analyzed the case database and processing and used χ2 test(P<0.05 had statistical significance).Results Among the 2076 patients with allergic diseases,the positive rates of the top ten allergens mites and insect group were: sweeteners,fungi,vegetables,spices and herbs,meat,seafood,beans products,pollen,food additives.The top ten allergens were: dust mites,house dust,isomaltulose,red hot pepper,pepper,soy products,eggs,meat,Rhizopus genus,leek.Conclusion ①In different age groups of common allergens positive rate: pepper and chili,the positive of rates the elder group were than those of isomaltulose higher,and dust mites,house dust mites,the positive rates in isomaltulose youth group were higher than those of the elder group.②Between the different gender of positive rates of common allergens,dust mites,isomaltulose,pepper,in females were higher than in males.House dust mites,red pepper,Rhizopus genus,in males were higher than in female.Egg,soy products,lamb and leeks,there were no sexual differences.③In different seasons,common allergen vary had significant differences.But traditional allergens(dermatophagoides farinae mite and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and insect,mildew,pollen,meat,seafood,beans products were still the main allergens,including insect,people’s obviously pollen seasonal eating habits,seasonal changes,the food-borne allergic the original correlation;but a variety of sweeteners,vegetables,food additives,spices,cosmetics,meals animal fur and other allergenic extracts seasonal variation had no obvious differences.④The positive rates of allergens in different diseases such as eczema and dermatitis,urticaria had significant difference.The rates of the dust mite,egg,soy products,pepper,lamb and leeks in urticaria patients were higher than those of dermatitis and eczem(P<0.05).⑤The different region,environment,the top ten allergens had differences.The main different ordering,which with the local habits,geographical environment,climate characteristics,and there was a certain relationship between the degree of industrialization.更多还原