【摘要】 通过一系列实验,让测试者阅读母语(中文)和第二语言(英语)的句子,判断其文法或句法结构是否有错误。同时时用安装了128个电极贴片的脑电图(EEG)机记录头盖的脑电波。除去记录过程中的人为现象(如眨眼、眼珠移动等),把测量到的信号分为五个波段(δ,θ,α,β,γ),然后比较每一对电极贴片的电波,作相关性分析。人在静止、清醒的状态时,不管开眼或闭眼,脑电图都有活跃的电信号记录。而测试阅读中文或英文时,其相应的脑电反应也混合在静态的脑电图中。因此,不管电极贴片测量到的绝对相干值(absolute coherence value),作相干值差异的分析。例如,比较测试者阅读正确的中、英文句子时相干值的差异。为便于讨论,将头盖分为十大区域。计算某两区的相干值时,取两区间各电极贴片的相干平均值。从而绘制出枕叶与后颖叶在阅读正确的中文及正确的英文句子时的相干值之差等。即把大量的脑电信号简化为十区的差分相干图(difference coherencediagrams)。22名小学三年级学生参与这项测试。研究显示,在分析中文句法性质、结构时,测试者用在左、右额叶间及在左、右枕叶间的短程相干去操作。在分析英语句法时,测试者则多用额叶与颞叶间的相干去运作。此外所做的相干分析表明男女有别。男童较多利用左脑去作句法分析,左前额叶区是其突出的脑电图相干中心点;女童则倾向于用左、右脑思索中文和英文,顶叶及颞叶两区是其相干的两个中心。更多还原

【Abstract】 A 128-channel electroencephalography(EEG) system was employed to record the electrical brain signals reaching the scalp of test subjects in response to reading mother tongue(Chinese) and second-language(English) sentences.Half of these test sentences were grammatically correct, while the other half contained syntactical errors.We analysed the coherence in various EEG frequency bands(δ,θ,α,β,γ) among all possible pairs of scalp electrode sites.Since it is well-known that the rest state of the brain,whether eyes open or closed,has an abundance of activities,we studied the difference in coherence(rather than the absolute value) of a subject as he/she reads Chinese and English sentences.We analysed the difference in "cross-talk" between ten different brain regions as the subject responded to the visual stimuli by simplifying the raw difference coherence data into "difference coherence diagrams" pertaining to specific conditions(i.e.correct or incorrect grammar). We have found,from the responses of 22 Primary Three pupils(mean age nine years),that Chinese syntactic processing is related to strong short-range EEG coherence within the frontal and occipital regions,while syntactic processing of English involved relatively more coherence between EEG signals recorded from the frontal and temporal regions.A gender difference was also found.Boys seemed to show a general left hemispheric preference for syntactic language processing.In particular,the left frontal region was a prominent EEG coherence focus.On the other hand,girls tended to use more bilateral regions for processing both Chinese and English syntax,and the parietal and right temporal regions seem to be particularly strong coherence foci.更多还原