【摘要】 冻土水热传输和水热耦合过程是寒区水循环的核心环节和重要组成部分,土壤温度和湿度(含水量)的观测和模拟是冻土水热过程分析的基础.以中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所黑河上游生态-水文试验研究站葫芦沟试验小流域为依托,选取季节冻土区的高寒草原、高寒草甸和多年冻土区的沼泽化草甸、高山寒漠等4种典型寒区下垫面,分别布设自动气象站,并调查相关土壤和植被参数,利用SHAW和CoupModel模型对试验点的土壤水热条件进行模拟计算.结果表明:4个试验点多层土壤含水量和地温SHAW模型计算值与实测值对比平均相关系数R2分别为0.65和0.90;CoupModel模型计算值与实测值对比平均R2为0.72和0.93.总体上,地温的模型估算结果略好于含水量;相对于SHAW模型,CoupModel模型是更适合寒区各种下垫面的一维SVATs模型.更多还原

【Abstract】 Measurement and estimation of soil water content and soil temperature are the foundation of research on water and heat transfer processes of frozen soil,which are the important base and core link of water cycle in cold regions.To study the heat and water transfer processes on various underlying surfaces in cold regions,four research sites, covered with(1)alpine grassland(38°16′ N, 99°52′E,2 980ma.s.l.,seasonally frozen soil),(2)alpine meadow(38°15′N,99°52′E,3 380m a.s.l.,seasonally frozen soil),(3)alpine swampy meadow(38°13′N,99°53′E,3 710ma.s.l.,permafrost)and(4)alpine clod desert(38°13′N, 99°53′E,4 167ma.s.l.,permafrost),were chosen.Four automatic weather stations were installed in each research sites to collect meteorological data.With the observed meteorological data and measured soil and vegetation properties, SHAW and CoupModel were introduced to simulate the transfer processes of energy and water in the sites.A comparison between the calculated from SHAW and measured soil water content and soil temperature shows that the R2 value is 0.65 and 0.90,and the R2 value between calculated from CoupModel and measurement is 0.72and 0.93.It is found that CoupModel is an 1-D SVATs model better than SHAW for various underlying surfaces in cold regions.更多还原