【摘要】 为了在应急演练中使用真实污染标示物进行实战性监测,提高环境应急监测的水平,建立了河流水污染物释放模型。该模型规定了应急演练场景、污染标示物的选择原则、演练河流的选择原则、污染标示物释放方式及释放量等。以三氯化铁为释放标示物,选择孝妇河和胜利河为演练河流进行比较试验。结果表明,三氯化铁释放量为2.18 m3/h时,孝妇河终监测点位范公桥Fe3+质量浓度为2.84 mg/L;三氯化铁释放量为1.44 m3/h时,胜利河四马桥Fe3+质量浓度为3.48mg/L,均能满足演练要求。两次试验相比,胜利河中三氯化铁沉降系数小,更适合作为演练河流。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper aims to establish a river-water pollutantmarker release model in environmental monitoring emergency drilling.For this purpose,we have first of all defined the emergency drilling scene,the principle for selecting the pollution marker and the rivers for drilling,the setting of the releasing and monitoring points,the releasing markers’ choice aswell as the number of the releasing markers forthe model.The above items have been decided in the following manner:we have chosen ferric chloride as the pollutant marker,Xiaofu River and Shengli River to be the drilling rivers.Later,we have determined the background values of concentration of ferric ion of the two drilling rivers through phenanthroline spectrophotometry,and worked out the theoretical releasing number of pollutant markers of the two drill riversviathe formula of the theoretical releasing number which had been found in the pollutionmarker releasingmodelwith the sediment ratio of the pollutant markers supposed to be 0.50.The monitoring resultswe have gained show that both the two drillings fail to reach the expected concentrations under the theoretical releasing number of the pollutant markers for the reason that the ferric chloride mostly precipitated and the sedimentation coefficients exceeded 0.50.The releasing amountof the ferric chloride failed to increase until both the rehearsals reached enough concentration of the ferric ions.In addition,we have found that the real sedimentation coefficient of the pollutantmarker could be worked out by using the monitoring results under the releasing numbers drilling.Comparing the results in the experiments with the two rivers,it can be found that,though the water torrent flowing rate of Shengli River is 2.71 times as fast as that of Xiaofu River,the latter is 1.51 times as serious in drilling releasing amount of the ferric chloride pollutant marker as the former,because of the sediment coefficient per km of Xiaofu River is 2.44 times as serious as that of Shengli River.Thus,we can conclude that the former is better than the latter in emergency drilling of its water.更多还原