【摘要】 为了更好地对西安市的交通噪声进行控制,结合美国道路交通噪声污染预测模型(FHWA),通过对西安市道路交通特征的研究,建立了改进型交通噪声污染模型。该模型不但拥有传统噪声模型的修正项,而且针对西安交通道路特征,增加了混响声修正和声反射修正,城市道路两旁建筑物一层主要受混响声影响,高层则受到混响声和反射声的共同影响。这两项影响因子的引入,充分体现了城市道路噪声环境与高速公路的不同,在实测数据的检验中具有更高的精度。最后对西安市环境噪声的监测数据进行了分析。结果表明,监测值与预测值误差为±1.0 dB,具有较高的一致性,此模型可用于西安市道路交通噪声的预测评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 Noise pollution,especially traffic noise,has drawn widespread attention with the fast development of our society,particularly with the fast increase of the motor vehicles.In order to keep Xi’an traffic noise pollution under control,traditional measures should be improved due to its changing regional characteristics.Combined with the forecast model of the traffic noise pollution by USA(FHWA) and deep analysis of the traditional forecasting model,we would like to propose a statistical forecasting model of noise pollution in conformity with the road conditions of Xi’an city.The new model possesses not only the original factors of traffic noise,but also keeps variables of reverberant noise and noise reflection.Unlike the open nature of highway system,many buildings are crowded on both sides of the urban streets.The traffic noise statistics concerned shows that the reverberant sound has actually had a great impact on the first or base floor of the buildings beside the urban streets whereas the high-rise is suffering from both reverberant sound and the sound reflection.Therefore,the two variables should be taken into consideration when establishing the forecasting model for they should take into account all the varieties of noise pollution between the open highway and the crowded urban streets,so as to arrive at a precise accounting result of the serious noise pollution.The values of the two variables can be worked out by acoustic theory,but the process is too complex and complicated.So,in the new model,the actual values can only be gained via the practical and effective analogy.Referring to Prof.Li Bengang’s research findings,we have cut back on the calculation by simplifying the forecasting formula and in turn makes the new model simpler and clearer.After analyzing the monitoring data of Xi’an traffic noise and comparing results from the forecasting model with actual measurements,we have found that a consistency with each other to a high degree(The error of the new forecasting model is between ±1.0 dB),which proves that the new model is practical and feasible for forecasting and evaluating traffic noise pollution of Xi’an city.更多还原