【摘要】 <正>自20世纪80年代发现获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)开始,迄今已有近6 000万人感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV),并有2 500万人死于HIV相关疾病;到2008年全球约有3 340万人感染HIV,其中有50%是妇女和15岁以下的儿童;2009年有270万左右的新增感染者,包括43万新生儿[1]。更多还原

【Abstract】 Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection and progression of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) can be modulated by a number of cofactors such as drug abuse.Opioids,cocaine,cannabinoids,methamphetamine(METH),alcohol,and other substances of abuse have been implicated as risk factors for HIV infection,as they all have the potential to compromise host immunity and facilitate viral replication.Although epidemiologic evidence about the impact of drug abuse on HIV disease progression has not been well defined,both in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that drug abuse can enhance the HIV infection/replication.Drug abuse may also be a risk factor for perinatal transmission of HIV because high viral loads in maternal blood are associated with the increased risk of HIV vertical transmission.Furthermore,the neonatal immune system differs from the adult system;it is possible that maternal exposure to drugs would exacerbate neonatal immune defects,and thus facilitate HIV infection of neonate immune cells and promote HIV vertical transmission.The increasing availability and application of antiretroviral therapy for women infected with HIV have been drawing more attention in determining the impact of drug abuse on efficacy of AIDS Clinical Trials Group(ACTG)-standardized treatment regimens for woman infected with HIV in the context of HIV vertical transmission.更多还原