【摘要】 【目的】研究长期不同施肥对双季稻产量演变和稳定性的影响。【方法】以25年定位施肥试验为平台,采用AMMI模型对影响双季稻总产量稳定性的施肥处理、环境和二者互作进行分析。【结果】(1)施肥处理与环境互作(F×E)平方和占方差分析总平方和的9.78%,达到了极显著差异水平(P<0.01),AMMI模型的交互效应主成分(IPCA)前三项累计解释了88.46%的互作平方和,其稳定性参数(Di值)与Shukla变异系数和变异系数的相关系数分别为0.97和0.83,均达到了极显著相关。(2)均衡施化肥可以有效提高双季稻产量和产量稳定性,在等量养分条件下配施有机肥进一步提高了其产量和产量稳定性,其中在产量方面,配施30%、50%和70%有机肥处理较均衡施化肥处理(NPK)分别提高6.15%、3.88%和7.75%;在稳定性方面,分别提高25.91%、59.78%和29.31%。【结论】AMMI模型很好地解释了施肥处理与环境的互作效应,是评价长期施肥条件下双季稻产量稳定性的有效方法。根据分析结果得出,有机无机肥配施是该区域双季稻高产和稳产的最佳施肥措施,其中等比例配施有机无机肥在产量相对较高的条件下(与均衡施化肥处理相比)稳定性最好;30%有机肥配施70%化肥和70%有机肥配施30%化肥两个处理在稳定性相对较好的情况下产量最高、适应性最强。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 Effects of long-term fertilization on rice yield and its stability of double cropping rice system was studed in this paper.【Method】 Fertilization,environment and their interactions were analyzed by AMMI(additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) model based on a 25-year long-term fertilizer experiment conducted in yellow clayey soil in Nanchang of Jiangxi Province.At this site,8 treatments were established in 1984.They were in a early rice late rice rotation receiving no fertilizer(CK),nitrogen fertilizers deficiency(PK),potassium fertilizers deficiency(NP),phosphorus fertilizers deficiency(NK),balanced chemical fertilizers application(NPK),substitution of 70% inorganic N by 30% organic N in balanced chemical fertilizers application(70F+30M),substitution of 50% inorganic N by 50% organic N in balanced chemical fertilizers application(50F+50M),substitution of 30% inorganic N by 70% organic N in balanced chemical fertilizers application(70F+30M).【Result】Two main results obtained from this analysis showed as follows.Firstly,the sum of squares of fertilization treatments by environment interactions(F×E) was 9.78% of total sum of squares,and achieved a significant difference at 1% level from AMMI model analysis,from which IPCA1,IPCA2,IPCA3 explained 88.46% sum of squares of the interactions.Coefficients of correlations which were significant correlations between the stability parameters and Shukla coefficient of variation or coefficient of variation were 0.97 and 0.83.Secondly,balanced chemical fertilizers application(NPK) treatment could be good for improving the rice yield and its stability of double cropping rice system.Partial substitution of chemical fertilizers by organic manure made further improvement in rice yield and its stability under the equal nutrient amount application condition,compared with NPK treatment.The yields of substitution application of 30%,50% and 70% of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer treatments increased by 6.15%,3.88%,and 7.75%,respectively,and rice yield stability increased by 25.91%,59.78%,and 29.31%,respectively.【Conclusion】 The AMMI model clearly explained the interactive effects of fertilization treatments across environment(F×E).It was a good method for evaluating stability of double cropping rice yield under long-term fertilization.It was concluded that combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers was the best fertilization on achieving high and stable yield of double cropping rice in the region.Stability of the treatment combined application of 50% organic manure combined with 50% chemical fertilizers was the best under relatively high yield conditions.Treatments combined application of 30% or 70% organic manure with 70% or 30% chemical fertilizers obtained the highest yield and the best adaptability under the more stable circumstances.更多还原