【摘要】 目的:研究我国游泳项目优秀运动员的膳食结构、营养状况及存在问题,提出营养保障措施。方法:对19名运动员进行为期3天的膳食调查,以及高原初期和后期的生化指标的测定,数据通过运动员营养软件统计处理进行分析。结果:30%的运动员总热能摄入量仅占推荐量的80%以下,尤其女运动员偏差较大,三大热源质比例为碳水化合物占41%,脂肪占42%;蛋白质占17%,三餐热能摄入比例不合理,蔬菜摄入总体显示不足。血象指标分析显示,血红蛋白提高者占63%,红细胞数提高者占68%,红细胞压积提高者占63%。运动员训练前、后体重变化平均在0.4～0.8kg之间,控体重的运动员血象指标出现下降的倾向,运动员平均摄水量为3.5l/d。结论:高原训练中,运动员的膳食监测和营养补充是提高运动能力的重要保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:In order to study the existing problems of dietary structure and nutritional status of our elite swimmers,this paper offers some nutritional safeguard measures.Method:Three days of dietary survey are made on 19 swimmers,and biochemical indexes are tested in early and late altitude training,and the data is analyzed by nutritional software.The result shows that 30% of the swimmer’s total energy intake is accounted for only 80% recommendations,especially for female swimmers of large deviation,three energy source quality ratio is as following,carbohydrate intake is about 41%,fat is about 42% and protein is about 17%.The energy intake is unreasonable proportion for three meals per day,vegetable intake is overall deficiency.Hemogram index analysis shows that hemoglobin enhances accounted for 63%,hematocrit increased for 63%.The weight change is 0.4~0.8 kg in average before and after training,the blood index of swimmers with weight control tends to decline,swimmer’s mean water consumption is 3.5L.It concludes that swimmer’s dietary monitoring and nutritional supplement during the altitude training is the important guarantee of improving athletic ability.更多还原