【摘要】 默顿与贝尔纳都是广义的科学社会学的奠基人,他们对科学与社会的研究虽有相似之处,但最终走的却是两条迥异的道路。默顿主要是内向度的,从科学的制度化缘起探究科学社会的内部结构及其精神特质,目的是追求科学的真理性,即"扩展被证实了的知识";而贝尔纳则主要是外向度的,从社会的经济、政治、军事、教育等层面上研究科学的发生与发展,以实现科学的价值性目标,即造福人类。更多还原

【Abstract】 Merton and Bernal are two of the founders of generalized sociology of science.Although there are some similarities in their studies in science and sociology,they walk towards two different roads in the end.Merton is mainly introversion.From a scientific system of origin,he explores the internal structure of scientific society and its energetic special characteristics.The purpose is the pursuit of scientific truth,namely "expansion of the confirmed knowledge".Bernal,however,is mainly extroversion.From economy,politics,military,education and other aspects of society,he studies the occurrence and development of science,to achieve the value goal of science,namely benefiting the humanity.更多还原