【摘要】 "弦歌"非指不配乐之清唱,更非专指歌《诗》歌《书》;《书》不可歌或可诵。《庄子.让王》"反琴而弦歌"之"反"非训"翻"乃训"返",无非表示重新近琴弦歌。《庄子》述孔子"弦歌鼓琴"处非指孔子同一时刻既弦歌又鼓琴,而是综述之义,是弦歌、弹琴活动的合称,其关于孔子弦歌与鼓琴、槁歌与弦歌的记述也不构成排斥性的矛盾或否定。孔子完全可以做到一边弹琴一边咏唱,且处陈蔡之围时如此弦歌更显他沉着镇定的心灵境界及乐以象德的情怀。司马迁关于孔子"弦歌"的记载不是来自《庄子》而是来自《孔子家语》等,《庄子》的典故不可信,司马迁也视之为"寓言"而不信。《墨子》中的诵、弦、歌、舞三百如《毛诗传》中的诵、弦、歌、舞,实是指音乐表演方式而非指诗歌分类。更多还原

【Abstract】 "Xiange" isn’t a cappella without music,also isn’t singing the book SHI or SHU,SHU can’t be used to sing but can be used to read.The meaning of the Chinese word "反" in the sentence "反琴而弦歌"in Zhuangzi doesn’t mean turn over but return.It’s meaning is approaching to the Guqin again and singing with the tune of the Guqin.The Record about of Kongzi’s "弦歌鼓琴"in the book Zhuangzi doesn’t mean Kongzi playing Guqin and "弦歌" in the same time,but mean a general designation of Kongzi’s playing Guqin or singing with his Guqin tune which played by himself.There’s no contradiction in Zhuangzi’s transcribing.Kongzi often sings with his playing on Guqin,and Kongzi ’s singing and playing Guqin in Chen state and Cai state Reflects his calm soul status and music signify the moral in Kongzi Feelings.The Simaqian’s record about Kongzi’s "弦歌" isn’t from Zhuangzi,but from Kongzijiayu.The allusion in Zhuangzi is not dependable and it’s fable in Simaqian’s opinion.Reading,playing the stringed instrument,singing and dancing in Mozi is similar to the Maoshichuan,it’s style of music performance,but not classification of poems.更多还原