【摘要】 本研究运用事件相关电位(ERP)方法考察了不同类型冲突(Stroop、Simon和Flanker冲突)驱动的认知控制调节的认知控制机制。结果表明:各冲突都出现了一致性效应和冲突适应性效应,所有实验中某种冲突的上一个trial只与该类冲突的当前trial的交互效应显著,而与其他类型冲突交互效应不显著。结论认为:冲突驱动的认知控制系统以局部(local)的控制方式工作,即某种冲突的控制机制只影响该类型冲突的解决,而不影响其他类型冲突的解决。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to improve the performance of the conflict tasks,the human brain detects and resolves conflicts through the cognitive control system.However,we do not know the multiple conflict-driven control mechanisms.In order to investigate this issue,this study fully integrates the Flanker,Stroop,and Simon conflict.This study included two experiments:Experiment 1 integrated the Flanker and Simon conflict,Experiment 2 integrates the Flanker and Stroop conflict.This study combined behavioral responses and event-related potential(ERP) technology to investigate the mechanisms of the cognitive control.On the one hand,the behavioral response data showed that firstly,all the types of the conflicts in all the experiments show the Congruency Effect and the Conflict Adaptation Effects;secondly,each type of conflict of a previous trial in all the experiments only interacted with a current trial of its own kind,but did not interact with other kinds of current trial.On the other hand,ERP data of the two experiments showed that with the exception of Flanker conflict in Experiment 2,all the conflict types in all the experiments showed that the P300 latency,the N450,and the SP component were in line with the congruency effect.The data above show that firstly,in a variety of types of conflict conditions,the conflict monitoring theory is still applicable;secondly,in face of a variety of types of conflict conditions,the human brain can monitor and then solve the conflict at the same time and also achieve successful task performance;thirdly,the human brain uses local control mechanism to resolve the conflict,that is to say,each type of conflict facilitates the resolution of its own kind,but does not affect the resolution of the other kind.To sum up,multiple conflict-driven control mechanisms are based on the conflict-specific manner,different types of conflicts have different types conflict monitor units which trigger the corresponding cognitive control strategy.Therefore,we propose a non-centralized,modular architecture of cognitive control,where separate dynamic distribution control resources operate in parallel,and are recruited in a context-sensitive manner.更多还原