【摘要】 有机残留物分析是国际科技考古领域的热点之一,蛋白质分析是其中的重要组成部分。本研究为对新疆小河墓地出土草篓所含的黄褐色颗粒状残留物进行了分析,以期探索其种属来源,揭示小河墓地先民生活方式和社会活动的相关信息。本工作首先采用红外方法对墓M13出土草篓中的颗粒状残留物进行了分析,结果发现了较高的蛋白质含量;提取蛋白质后,利用蛋白质组学方法鉴定出牛酪蛋白、牛免疫球蛋白和牛β乳球蛋白,据此推断该残留物为牛奶制品。需要指出的是,这是迄今为止我国发现最早的牛奶加工证据,说明牛奶是小河墓地先民食物的重要组成部分。本工作还显示,蛋白质组学方法灵敏度高、所需样品量小,应可广泛地应用于古代残留物分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Analysis of organic residues is one of the emerging new research methods in international archaeometry,of which protein analysis is an important part.The proteomic method,which has become increasingly important internationally,has unique advantages in residue analysis.The Xiao-He graveyard in Lop Nur of Xinjiang province is dated back to 3500-4000 years old.Brown granular residues are always found in excavated grass baskets.First,infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze one brown granular residue in a grass basket from tomb number 13.This technique revealed a high protein content.Then the residue was extracted and analyzed using proteomic methods.Bovine casein,bovine immunoglobulin and bovine β-lactoglobulin were identified,which indicated the residues probably came from a milk product.It should be noted that this was the earliest evidence for a milk product in China and suggests that milk was an important component of ancestors’ diet in Xiao-He.This study also showed that the proteomic method has high sensitivity,requiring only small amount of samples,and that it can be used widely for the analysis of ancient residues.更多还原