【摘要】 无损获取高分辨率、高衬度微纳米材料结构图像,并能够原位、定量分析是X射线成像技术发展方向之一.最新发展起来的相干X射线衍射成像技术,也称为无透镜成像技术,为实现这一目标提供了可能.本文介绍了相干X射线衍射成像技术的成像原理和发展过程,以及在材料学和生物学中的一些典型应用和最新进展,例如掺杂铋元素在硅晶体中的分布成像,GaN量子点壳层结构的三维高分辨成像,染色大肠杆菌的二维成像,鱼骨的二维成像及矿化机理研究,单个未染色疱疹病毒的二维高衬度成像,未染色酵母菌细胞的三维高分辨成像及原位定量分析.最后对相干X射线衍射成像技术的发展方向做了展望.随着X射线自由电子激光的应用和冷冻技术与相干X射线衍射成像技术的结合,相干X射线衍射成像技术将得到快速的发展和广泛的应用.更多还原

【Abstract】 In site quantitative,high-contrast and high-resolution imaging of micro/nanoscale material is an important goal of the X-ray microscopy and imaging.A novel method which is called lensless imaging or coherent X-ray diffraction imaging,is a promising approach to solving these problems.In this review,a brief introduction to imaging theory and development of coherent X-ray diffraction imaging,and some typical applications in material science and biology are presented.For instance,two-dimensional(2D) imaging of Bi dopant distribution in a Si crystal,quantitative three-dimensional(3D) imaging of a GaN quantum dot with core shell structure, 2D imaging of stained Escherichia coli bacteria,nanoscale imaging and mechanisms of biomineralization of fish bones,2D highcontrast imaging of an unstained herpes virus,3D high-resolution imaging of an unstained yeast cell and in situ quantitative analysis are illuminated.Finally,the future prospect of coherent X-ray diffraction imaging is given.With the development of X-ray free electron lasers and combining cryogenic techniques with coherent X-ray diffraction microscopy,coherent diffraction imaging will be a powerful tool and widely used in materials science and biology.更多还原