【摘要】 目的探讨郴州市近十年来突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征。方法利用网络直报系统突发公共卫生事件案例库及市、县两级疾病预防控制中心现场调查资料,描述与分析郴州市十年来突发公共卫生事件分布特征。结果 2001-2010年郴州市达到国家《突发公共卫生事件应急预案》规定的突发公共卫生事件有320起,发病9 272人。其中Ⅰ级事件4起(1.25%),Ⅱ级29起(9.07%),Ⅲ级61起(19.16%),Ⅳ级236起(73.73%)。波及人口462 000人,罹患率144.88/万,病死率3.32%,累计死亡率1.89/万。其中传染病暴发疫情131起(40.93%),流感、水痘、麻疹、伤寒和腮腺炎是主要疾病;食物中毒48起(15.06%),安全事故121起(35.08%),死亡571例,是突发公共卫生事件中最主要的死亡原因。事件的高发场所与高发人群为学校、工矿中的学生与农民工。结论郴州市突发公共卫生事件以传染病暴发疫情、食物中毒和生产安全事故为主,学校和矿山是事件的高发场所。提示预防控制工作的重点应抓好免疫接种、重视矿山企业的安全生产、食品安全和开展健康教育等几个方面,此外,环境污染事件和自然灾害事件也要引起足够关注。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergent events(PHEEs) in Chenzhou City from 2001 to 2010.Methods Descriptive and analytic methods were used to study the distribution features of PHEEs in Chenzhou City according to the internet-based surveillance reports and field investigations.Results There were 320 PHEEs being surveyed and 9,272 persons being involved in during the period of 2001-2010.Of all the events,there were 4(1.25%) belonged to serious-degree of grade Ⅰ,29(9.07%) to grade Ⅱ,61(19.16%) to grade Ⅲ and 236(73.73%) to grade Ⅳ.462,000 persons were affected by the PHEE.The attack rate was 144.98/10,000,the mortality rate was 3.32%,and the cumulative mortality rate was 1.89/10,000.Among the 320 PHEEs,there were 131(40.93%) disease outbreaks,and the main diseases were influenza,varicella,measles,typhoid fever,and parotitis.48(15.06%) of the events were due to food poisoning,121(35.08%) due to disaster accidents,and 571 cases died of disaster accidents in mines,which were the main causes of death.Most of infectious disease outbreaks occurred in schools and most disaster accident events occurred in mines.Students and peasant workers were the high-risk group.Conclusions Infectious disease outbreaks,food poisoning and disaster accidents are the major emergent events in Chenzhou City,schools and mines are the high incidence places.The results suggest that the key points of prevention and control work must be focused on immune vaccination,safe production,food poisoning control and health education;moreover,environmental pollution event and catastrophic event should be paid more attention to.更多还原