【摘要】 于2009年5—9月在北京密云县采用陷阱法对玉米地、花生地、果园和林地4种生境中步甲群落进行取样,并采用逐步线性回归分析了景观中优势生境类型——玉米地中步甲群落及其捕食性步甲功能群多样性的季节分布,及其与周围100、250和500m半径范围内景观格局指数的关系。结果表明:不同生境下,8月步甲群落、捕食性步甲类群的个体数和物种数均达到最大;5月玉米地中步甲群落的物种数与取样点100m半径范围内的景观连接度呈正相关,8月步甲群落个体数和500m半径范围内的景观连接度呈负相关;5月玉米地中捕食性步甲群落不论是个体数还是物种数均与取样点100m半径范围内景观连接度呈正相关,而8月捕食性步甲的物种数则与100m尺度范围内的半自然生境的类型数呈负相关。可见,景观连接度、半自然生境的类型数对步甲及其中捕食性步甲群落动态的关键季节的多样性状况有显著影响,合理规划农田半自然用地类型组成、增加景观连接度可促进步甲群落多样性保护及其害虫生物控制功能的发挥。更多还原

【Abstract】 In May-September 2009, the carabid beetles in the four habitats including maize field, peanut field, orchard, and woodland in Miyun County of Beijing were collected by using pitfall traps, and the seasonal diversity of the carabid beetle population and its predatory guild in the dominant habitat maize field as well as the relationships of this seasonal diversity with the landscape structures in the 100, 250, and 500 m radius were analyzed by the stepwise linear regression analysis. In the four types of habitats, the individual number and species richness of the carabid beetle population and its predatory guild were the maximum in August. The species richness of the carabid beetle population in maize field in May was positively correlated with the landscape connectance index at the scale of 100 m of the sampling plots, whereas the individual number of the carabid beetle population in August showed a negative correlation with the landscape connectance index at the scale of 500 m of the sampling plots. Both the individual number and the species richness of the predatory carabid beetle population in May were positively correlated with the landscape connectance index at the scale of 100 m of the sampling plots, but the species richness of predatory carabid beetle population in August was negatively correlated with the type number of semi-natural habitats at the scale of 100 m of the sampling plots. It was suggested that landscape connectivity and type number of semi-natural habitats had significant effects on the diversity of carabid beetle population and its predatory guild in the key stages of their life cycle, and thus, well-considered planning of semi-natural land composition and improved connectance of landscape would promote the maintenance of the diversity of carabid beetle and the exertion of carabid beetle’s pest control function.更多还原