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北部湾沙田水域中华白海豚和江豚的同域分布格局及时空变化
The sympatric distribution pattern and tempo-spatial variation of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins and finless porpoises at Shatian,Beibuwan Gulf
【摘要】 北部湾是中华白海豚和江豚的重要分布区,但是对该水域两物种的分布格局及时空变化的研究却比较少,也不清楚这两个物种分布区是否有重叠。2003~2004年与2011~2012年期间,我们在北部湾沙田水域进行了船只调查,总计航程4876.8km,收集了两个物种空间分布的数据。结果表明,2003~2004年仅发现中华白海豚,2011~2012年则同时发现了中华白海豚和江豚。与2003~2004年4~5月相比,中华白海豚在2011年4~5月份的遇见率明显增加(0.152vs0.028头次/km)。中华白海豚的MCP、95%FK家域和50%FK核心域面积分别为162.6km2、271.35km2和56.78km2,2011~2012年50%FK核心家域有所扩大且东移。江豚的MCP、95%FK家域和50%FK核心域面积分别为97.21km2、318.72km2和38.18km2。江豚主要分布于中华白海豚的外围远岸水域,同时两个物种的分布区有小部分重叠。基于多种因素的分析,我们推测,江豚可能存在季节性迁移以及中华白海豚对河口区有明显的偏好,可能是造成它们分布格局不同的原因。
【Abstract】 The Beibuwan Gulf represents a crucial distribution area of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins(Sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises(Neophocaena phocaenoides) in China.However,the systematic research on the distribution pattern and its tempo-spatial variation of these two species in this waters is still deficient,and it is still unclear whether they are overlapped with each other.In 2003-2004 and 2011-2012 surveys,we conducted boat-based surveys twice at Shatian,Beibu Gulf with 4 876.8 km survey route in total,and collected the spatial distribution data of both species.Only humpback dolphins were sighted in 2003-2004,whereas both species were sighted in 2011-2012.Compared with the result of April and May 2003-2004,the encounter rate of humpback dolphins in April-May,2011 was significantly higher(0.152 vs 0.028 individuals/km survey line).The Minimum convex polygon(MCP),95% Fixed kerne(FK) home range and 50%FK core range of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins were 162.6 km2,271.35 km2 and 56.78km2,respectively.From 2003-2004 to 2011-2012,the 50% FK core range enlarged and moved eastward.The MCP,95% FK home range and 50% FK core range of finless porpoises were 97.21 km2,318.72 km2 and 38.18km2 respectively.The finless porpoise is mainly distributed in the periphery of the distribution area of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins,and a small part of distribution area of both species is overlapped.Based on the analysis of some possible factors,it was suggested that finless porpoises possibly migrate inshore-toward seasonally,whereas Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins have preference to the estuary area,which might have led to the different distribution pattern of both species.
【Key words】 Distribution pattern; Encounter rate; Finless porpoises(Neophocaena phocaenoides); Home range; Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins(Sousa chinensis);
- 【文献出处】 兽类学报 ,Acta Theriologica Sinica , 编辑部邮箱 ,2012年04期
- 【分类号】Q958.1
- 【被引频次】11
- 【下载频次】446