【摘要】 目的通过横断面流行病学调查了解五金塑胶业作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患现况,探讨其主要危险因素。方法选取某五金塑胶厂1032人为调查对象,采用经修改的北欧国家标准调查表进行肌肉骨骼疾患横断面流行病学调查。结果五金塑胶业作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患以腰部、颈部和踝足部疾患为主,年患病率分别为26.2%、17.9%和16.3%。女工肩和膝部疼痛年患病率显著高于男工(P<0.05)。不同工种腰痛年患病率由高到低依次为工模技工(37.3%)、包装工(36.1%)、操作工(27.3%)、车床工(25.0%)、碰焊工(20.0%)和冲压工(19.6%)。腰部职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(OMSD)年患病率随工龄增长有增加趋势(P<0.05)。长时间保持经常稍微转身姿势、经常稍微弯腰、经常大幅度弯腰、以不舒服的姿势工作、搬举重物远离身体、搬举重物需要转身、以不舒服的体位搬举重物、经常替同事换班均可增加腰痛的年患病率;选择性Logistic回归分析表明,搬举重物需要转身、长时间保持稍微弯腰姿势、经常替同事换班、休息是否充足被选入模型。结论五金塑胶业作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患以腰痛为主,不良劳动姿势、手工搬举重物以及二者同时存在是导致腰痛的首要危险因素,应积极采取工效学手段进行干预。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To study the prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders (OMSD) in metal plastic industry and explore the risk factors of OMSD by cross sectional epidemiological survey. Method 1 032 workers from a metal plastic industry were selected as survey objects,and a revised Northern Europe Standardized Questionnaire was used for investigation of OMSD. Results The results showed that OMSDs in these workers primarily located in waist, neck and ankle,prevalence rates per year were 26.2%,17.9% and 16.3%,respectively.Female workers had higher prevalence rates per year of OMSD in shoulder and knee compared with that in male workers(P<0.05).There were significant differences in prevalence rates per year of OMSD in waist between workers of different types of work(P<0.05). OMSD prevalence rate per year in waist increased with length of service. Long-playing or often little trunk bending, trunk twisting heavily,work with comfortless posture, lifting far from body, lifting with trunk twisting, lifting with comfortless posture,shifting work with colleague frequently could increase the prevalence rate per year of OMSD in waist.Selective Logistic regression analysis showed that lifting with trunk twisting,long-playing little trunk bending,shifting work with colleague frequently were the risk factors,and abundant resting was the protective factor. Conclusions The results suggested that the most serious musculoskeletal disorders in workers engaged in metal plastic industry was low back pain.The load factors of un-physiological working postures,manual material carrying and co-existing of them were the main risk factors to low back pain, the ergonomics intervention in the above aspects should be necessary for the prevention of OMSD.更多还原