【摘要】 东北不仅是我国水稻尤其是优质粳稻的主要产区,也是我国气候变暖最明显的区域。近40年来,东北水稻单产的递增幅度与日最低气温的升高幅度呈显著正相关,历年颁布并推广的主要水稻品种生育期每10年也延长了2.8 d左右。近20年来,东北水稻实际播种期提早了3.7 d,收获期推迟了1.7 d,全生育期延长了5.4 d左右,种植重心也向北位移了近80 km。田间实际增温试验也发现,夜间温度继续升高1℃,东北水稻单产仍可以提高10%左右。上述分析与试验表明,气候变暖对东北水稻的增产效应显著。在未来气候变化的应对策略上,应从多抗品种选育、抗逆栽培创新和农田基本建设等方面着手,全面增强稻田系统的抗逆性和稳定性,充分挖掘水稻对气候变暖的适应潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Northeast is not only the main area of rice cropping regions,especially Japonica rice,but also the region with the highest warming level in China.During the past forty years,there are similar increasing trends of rice yield and daily minimum temperature anomalies,and the growth durations of newly approved and released rice varieties in different times has been prolonged by 2.8 d 10a-1,indicating a positive effect of warming on rice productivity in Northeast China.Meanwhile,the actual sown date has been advanced by 3.7 d,the harvest date has been delayed by 1.7 d,resulting in an increment of rice growth period by 5.4 d during the past twenty years.Field warming experiment also showed that 1℃ warming at nighttime would increase rice yield by 10%.In order to fully explore the positive effects of warming on rice production in Northeast China,more efforts should be performed on variety breeding,cropping technique innovation and farmland capital construction,so as to enhance the resistance of rice cropping system to environmental changes.更多还原