【摘要】 在交通运输、航空航天、电力通信等诸多领域,结冰给人类和社会带来很大危害和安全隐患。现有的抗结冰方法如机械除冰、加热除冰以及喷洒化学试剂等虽然有效,但是存在耗能大和环境污染等问题。在基体表面涂装具有抗结冰性能的功能涂层被认为是一种必要的切实有效的方法,近年来备受关注。本文在介绍了涂层抗结冰原理及基体表面结冰影响因素的基础上,详细综述了近年来各类抗结冰涂层取得的研究成果,主要包括牺牲性涂层、疏冰涂层和超疏水涂层。重点介绍了制备抗结冰涂层所用的材料及方法,并分析了各种抗结冰涂层的优缺点,指出了抗结冰涂层目前存在的问题,最后对抗结冰涂层的发展趋势进行了分析和展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Icing on substance surfaces is known to cause serious problems that often leads to costly safety issues in the fields of transportations,astronavigation and aeronautics,power transmission and telecommunication.Although currently available de-icing techniques by mechanically removing,heating or spraying chemicals are generally effective,they can result in energy consumptions and environment pollutions.Meanwhile,the method of anti-icing coatings to protect the substance surfaces is considered as an effective and available way showing highly potential applications,which has aroused extensive interest among scientists in recent years.In this review,the mechanism of the coatings to prevent icing and the basic factors that affect the ice adhesion on substance are briefly introduced.Furthermore,the research progresses and prospects of various anti-icing coatings are particularly summarized,including sacrificial coatings,icephobic coatings and superhydrophobic coatings.Moreover,the preparation methods of these anti-icing coatings are emphatically described.It has been proved that icephobic or superhydrophobic coatings containing fluorine and silicone with low surface energy can be applied to anti-icing by shortening the attaching time of water droplets on the substrates and reducing the ice adhesion strength.The challenges and the prospective tendency of anti-icing coatings are also given based on the current researches.更多还原