【摘要】 固液界面纳米气泡是近十年来表面科学的重要发现之一。从利用原子力显微镜(AFM)在固液界面上观察到纳米气泡以来,科学工作者们已经证实了纳米气泡在固液界面上存在。由于其在微机电系统(MEMS)、微生化系统、表面科学、流体动力学等领域潜在的应用价值,各国学者们对纳米气泡的自身性质及影响因素已经开展了多方面的研究。但纳米气泡稳定性(反常的长寿)的原因仍然是未解决的问题之一。本文综述了纳米气泡的形成及影响因素,重点评述了纳米气泡稳定性理论,包括线张力理论、动态平衡理论、杂质理论和克努森气体理论等。同时,介绍了固液界面纳米气泡的应用,并展望了未来研究的重点和方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Surface nanobubbles is one significant discovery in interfacial physics in recent decade.Scientists have confirmed their existence since the surface nanobubbles were observed by using atomic force microscope(AFM).Studies of nanobubbles’ properties and influence factors have been developed deeply because of its potential applications in microelectromechanical system(MEMS),micro biochemical system,hydrodynamics,surface science,etc.The stability(abnormal longevity) of nanobubbles,however,is still one of open questions.The latest research results of nanobubbles’ stability are mainly reviewed in this paper,including line tension theory,dynamic balance theory,impurity theory and Knudsen gas type theory.Additionally,the applications,influences and formation of nanobubbles are sketchily introduced.In the end,we give some suggestions on what still needs to be done to obtain a full understanding of nanobubbles.更多还原