【摘要】 为了有效评价突发性化工环境污染事件的环境影响程度,急需建立科学有效的环境风险评价体系,而科学合理的风险评价标准体系是进行准确环境风险评价的前提和基础.本研究在对国内外风险评价标准体系研究分析的基础上,指出国内现有风险标准体系的LC50和IDLH阈值用于短期急性接触空气浓度标准值不尽合理.通过对比分析AEGLs、ERPGs、TEELs、AETLs等国际上通用标准值的出台背景、意义及适用条件,建议我国在化工行业突发性环境污染事件的环境风险评价过程中,优先选用AEGLs作为评价标准,其次选用ERPGs和TEELs,并以LC50及IDLH作适当补充.文中以某化工园区为例进行了比较研究,结果表明,与现行的LC50和IDLH相比,AEGLs、ERPGs、TEELs作为标准值能更有效反映有毒化学品突发泄漏对人体健康的影响程度,可作为化工行业突发环境风险事件的评价标准.更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to assess the environmental risk for accidental emissions from the chemical industry effectively,it is necessary to establish a reasonable criteria system for risk assessment.Currently IDLH and LC50 thresholds criteria are used for assessing chemical accident in China.Compared with the criteria abroad,such as AEGLs,ERPGs,TEELs and AETLs,the existing criteria of IDLH and LC50 thresholds are not very rational.It is suggested that the standard can be prioritized as follows,1)AEGLs;2)ERPGs;3)TEELs;and 4)LC50 and IDLH.A case study is carried out to compare the effects of these criteria.The result shows that AEGLs,ERPGs and TEELs are more reasonable than that of the existing criteria used in China to evaluate the impact of accidental events.更多还原