【摘要】 针对西南旱地麦区缺乏适宜播种机具的问题,设计了基于微耕机驱动的小型小麦播种机。整机重量28kg,方便转运和移动;播种机与微耕机连接方式为插销式,方便连接或卸载;排种管为开放式,兼具开沟和排种功能,且避免了泥土堵塞排种管口;排种管上部为V型、下部为U型,既利于收集排种口跌落的种子,又可以减少前进阻力,且利于泥土回落盖种;在镇压轮两侧加装驱动齿,减少前进阻力;镇压轮转轴与排种器主轴由链条连接,镇压轮停止转动,播种过程自动终止;播幅1m,播行4行,很好的适应了西南旱地套作种植制度。该机具一次作业就可完成开沟、播种、盖种过程,作业效率0.17hm2/h。田间试验结果表明,盖种率和播种深度符合当地农艺要求。和传统播种方式相比,出苗率、出苗均匀度、整齐度均有大幅提高,产量增加10.0%以上,本机具较好的满足西南旱地套作小麦播种的技术需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 The wheat planting area is 23 million hectares annually in the Southwest of China,mainly distributes in dry land in hilly region.Because of the limitation of ecological condition,the mechanization level of wheat production in this region is low.According to local technical requirement,a small wheat planter driven by micro-cultivator was designed.The weight of the planter was only 28kg,and easily transported.The planter was connected to micro-cultivator by a bolt.The seed drop tube was designed to be opened to avoid the seeding hole being clogged.The tube had also the function of ditching,and the upper half of which was V-type,and the lower U-type.The shape of seed drop tube was beneficial for catching the seed fallen from mouth of seed metering device,and reducing the soil resistant force.The driving teeth were installed in the both ends of the press wheel,and were also beneficial for reducing the soil resistant force.The shafts of press wheel and seed metering device were linked by the chain,when the press wheel stopped moving,the seeding process would stop.The sowing width of the planter was 1m and four rows which was adapted to local cropping system.The planter could finish ditching,seeding and covering in one pass.The efficiency was 0.17 hm2/h.The results of field test showed that the seed depth could meet local agronomic requirement.Compared with local traditional sowing technology,the rate and quality of wheat emergence sowed by this planter were increased greatly,and the yield increased by more than 10%.更多还原