【摘要】 目的:探讨我国医院不同病区的护士特征分布以及护理工作环境情况。方法:该研究为描述性研究,采用一般资料调查表和护理工作环境量表(PES-NWI量表)对181家医院共9698名护士进行调查,在病区层面上描述内科、外科和ICU病区护士特征的分布情况,比较不同病区护理工作环境的差别。结果:ICU的护士较内科、外科护士年轻,工作年限短,男护士及合同制护士比例大、学历高。各类病区得分最高的均是"医护合作关系"维度,得分最低的是"充足的人力和物力"维度,其次是"护士参与医院事务"维度。ICU护士的PES-NWI量表总分以及各维度均分较内科、外科均低,外科"人力和物力的充足性"维度得分高于内科(P<0.001)。结论:ICU的护理工作环境较内科和外科差;外科在"人力物力充足性"方面好于内科。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To describe and compare nurses characteristics and nursing work environment in medical wards, surgical wards and intensive care units in hospitals in China’s mainland. Methods:A descriptive design was used in this study. Totally 9698 clinical first-line nurses from 181 hospitals in China’s mainland were recruited and investigated by demographic questionnaire and Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index(PES-NWI). Results:Nurses in intensive care units were relatively younger and had less working years than those in medical and surgical wards. The percentages of male nurses, contract nurses and nurses with higher educational levels in intensive care units were higher than those in medical and surgical units. In all the three wards, the scores of "Collegial Nurse-Physician Relations" subscale of PES-NWI were the highest, while the scores of the "Staffing and Resource Adequacy" and "Nurse Participation in Hospital Affairs" subscales were the lowest. The total scores and means of PES-NWI and its subscales in intensive care units were lower than those in medical and surgical wards (P<0.001).Thescoresof"Staffing and Resource Adequacy" subscale of PES-NWI in surgical wards were higher than those in medical wards (P<0.001). Conclusions:The nursing work environment in intensive care units was worse than that in medical and surgical units. In terms of "Staffing and Resource Adequacy", surgical wards were better than medical wards.更多还原