【摘要】 2010年3月19日,内蒙古中西部地区发生了近几年最严重的沙尘暴天气。沙尘暴天气由蒙古国西部起沙,在内蒙古中西部地区加强,随着天气系统的演变,地面形成强沙尘暴或特强沙尘暴天气。利用常规观测资料及数值预报产品资料对3.19沙尘暴天气过程进行诊断分析,得到以下结论:3.19强沙尘暴、特强沙尘暴天气过程,是近地面前期强烈增温,导致地表热力不稳定,由蒙古气旋产生上升运动起沙。高空西北气流上,斜压扰动不稳定发展,高空冷平流激发了垂直于地面的锋面次级环流,地面气旋转为强冷锋过境,内蒙古中西部地区产生强沙尘暴天气。高空急流对沙尘暴天气的产生具有重要作用。高空急流出口区右侧,下沉气流落于地面冷锋后,引起大风,加强了沙尘暴天气。在冷锋移动过程中,冷高压强度少变,处于其前沿锋区内的山西、河北、河南、山东等地产生了扬沙或沙尘暴天气。更多还原

【Abstract】 The most serious sandstorm weather occurred in Inner Mongolia on March 19th,2010.The dust storm started from the west of Mongolia and strengthened in western Inner Mongolia region.The sandstorm weather systems dramatically enhanced in the mobile expansion.They formed the strong sandstorms or dust storms.Using conventional observational data and numerical data,we diagnosticly analyzed the 3.19 sandstorm process,and got the following conclusions:Because of the strongly heating near the ground early,3.19 particularly strong dust storm was leaded by instability of surface heat.The Mongolian cyclone created the lifting movement.The short wave splited from the upper-level trough and merged into the northwest air current.The Mongolia cyclone transfered the strong cold front.The Inner Mongolian mid-west area appeared the strong sand storm weather.The high-level cold advection triggered a frontal secondary circulation,which was vertical in the ground.The upper air jet stream had influenced the production of the sand storm weather.It was under the right side of the jet stream exit,where sinking branch of the jet stream fell on the ground after the ground cold front.The front frontal zone,such as Shanxi、 Hebei、 Henan、 Shandong,had produced the sand blowing or the sand storm weather.更多还原