【摘要】 为深入了解高压绝缘子污秽的组成和带电清洗剂对高压绝缘子表面污秽的去除机理,对高压绝缘子表面污秽进行了扫描电镜、红外光谱、x-射线衍射、x-射线荧光光谱和离子色谱分析,用接触角法研究了污秽粘附于绝缘子表面的作用力,测定了带电清洗剂和高压绝缘子的表面张力(γ);通过杨氏和表面能方程,分别计算出粘附功Wa、铺展系数Sw/s和浸湿功Wi。研究结果表明,污秽与绝缘子表面之间为van der Waals引力,无氢键形成。带电清洗剂表面张力较小,Wa>Wi>Sw/s≥0,表明带电清洗剂能在被污染的绝缘子表面自发浸湿和铺展。在带电清洗剂的作用下,减小了污秽与绝缘子表面的van der Waals结合力,使污秽从绝缘子表面脱附下来。该研究对开发新的绝缘子带电清洗剂提供了实验与理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 We deeply analyzed the composition of the contamination of natural polluted high-voltage insulators by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),x-ray diffraction(XRD),x-ray fluorescence(XRF),and ion chromatography.To study the detergency mechanism of the electrified detergent for degreasing high-voltage insulators,we investigated the forces of interaction between ceramics insulators and natural pollution and the surface tension of the electrified detergent and high-voltage insulator by contact angle and surface analysis methods.Moreover,we calculated the adhesion power,spreading factor,and wet power by Young’s and surface energy equations.The result shows that the van der Waals plays an important role in the forces,but no hydrogen bond is formed.The electrified detergent has a lower γ.The result of Wa>Wi>Sw/s≥0 shows that the electrified detergent has a self-wetting and self-spreading effect on the high-voltage insulator contamination.With the effect of the electrified detergent,the van der Waals of interaction between ceramics insulators and natural pollution decreases.So the contamination can fall off from the high-voltage insulator.This will provide a theoretical basis for development of new insulator cleaning agents.更多还原