【摘要】 江西万年仙人洞和吊桶环遗址是中国长江中游鄱阳湖流域旧石器时期(20～12kaB.P.)的重要遗址,出土有大量的蚌器。本文对两处遗址旧石器晚期地层(大约20～19ka cal.B.P.)出土的两件蚌器表层残留物中的淀粉粒进行了提取和鉴定。在可鉴定的202颗古代淀粉粒中,几乎全部来自小麦族和黍族,很可能是小麦族冰草属(Agropyron)、山羊草属(Aegilops)、小麦属(Triticum)和大麦属(Hordeum)中的某些植物,以及黍族狗尾草属(Setaria)的某些植物。中国现有上述几个属的小麦族植物,除了小麦、大麦和黑麦等被人类种植的物种以外,主要分布在新疆、内蒙西北、甘青地区以及西藏等温干的地区。仙人洞和吊桶环出土蚌器上的古代淀粉粒组合暗示了末次冰盛期江西北部可能存在以禾草为主的草本植物群落。蚌器表面淀粉粒残留验证了蚌器具有收割植物的功能。蚌器表面淀粉粒保存几率的差异也证实了不同埋藏环境对淀粉粒残留物保存有着十分重要的影响,较为封闭的遗址环境中器物表面的淀粉粒可以得到更好的保存。更多还原

【Abstract】 The cave sites of Xianrendong and Diaotonghuan are located in north western Dayuan Basin,12km northeast of Wannian County,Jiangxi Province(28°43’38"N,117°11 ’02"E) archaeological sites dating to 20 ~ 12cal.kaB.P. The cave of Xianrendong site opens south.The floor of the cave is at 35a.s.1.,ca.2m higher than the present paddy around it.The cultural sediment is in thickness of ca.3m,representing two distinct occupations.The Diaotonghuan site,approximately 800m west of the Xianrendong,has ca.5m cultural sedimentary deposits.Two shell tools were examined in this study.One was excavated from the Layer 2B of the Xianrendong site(Field No.99WX-1766E10N10 Z:2B),the other is retrieved from the Layer H of the Diaotonghuan site(Field No.95WW-3474W2S3 Z:H).5 radiocarbon dates from the Layer 2B fall between 20 - 19cal.kaB.P.,and one charcoal from the Layer H of the Diaotonghuan(BA93179 ) yielded radiocarbon date of 22cal.kaB.P.The radiocarbon dates demonstrate that both tools were excavated from the cultural sediments deposited during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM). More than 200 starch grains were recovered from the residues adhering to the shell tools.According to the results,146 starch grains(including type A and type C) are identified as Pooideae,which might come from some species within Agropyron,Aegilops,Triticum or Hordeum.And 55 starch grains including type B are identified as the tribe Paniceae and Triticeae.Type D only has one starch grain with obvious eccentric hila,which needs further studies in future and cannot be identified at present.Of total 202 identifiable starch grains,almost all are from the Tribe Paniceae(possibly members within genus Setaria) and the Tribe Triticeae(possibly members within genera Agropyron,Triticum,Hordeum or Aegilops ).At present,these genera of the Tribe Triticeae,except cultivars of wheat,barley and rye,are mainly distributed in Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,Gansu,Qinghai and other places in North East China,where precipitation receives no more than 400mm annually,and generally has a mean temperature of 20℃in July and -101 in January.The combination of starch grains retrieved from two shell tools indicate that the grassland,which comprised the plant community made of tribes Triticeae and Paniceae,occurred in study area during LGM.Meanwhile the starch residues demonstrate that the shell tool was used to harvest grasses.The chance of starch preservation on the surface of shell tools might depend on burial environment,and sealed sites could be more suitable for the starch preservation than open sites.更多还原